Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Arch Dis Child. 2014 Feb;99(2):119-25. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-304150. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
To provide accurate population normative data documenting cross-sectional, age-specific sleep patterns in Australian children aged 0-9 years.
The first three waves of the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, comprising two cohorts recruited in 2004 at ages 0-1 years (n=5107) and 4-5 years (n=4983), and assessed biennially.
Children with analysable sleep data for at least one wave.
At every wave, parents prospectively completed 24-h time-use diaries for a randomly selected week or weekend day. 'Sleeping, napping' was one of the 26 precoded activities recorded in 15-min time intervals.
From 0 to 9 years of age, 24-h sleep duration fell from a mean peak of 14 (SD 2.2) h at 4-6 months to 10 (SD 1.9) h at 9 years, mainly due to progressively later mean sleep onset time from 20:00 (SD 75 min) to 21:00 (SD 60 min) and declining length of day sleep from 3.0 (SD 1.7) h to 0.03 (SD 0.2) h. Number and duration of night wakings also fell. By primary school, wake and sleep onset times were markedly later on weekend days. The most striking feature of the centile charts is the huge variation at all ages in sleep duration, sleep onset time and, especially, wake time in this normal population.
Parents and professionals can use these new centile charts to judge normalcy of children's sleep. In future research, these population parameters will now be used to empirically determine optimal child sleep patterns for child and parent outcomes like mental and physical health.
提供准确的人群规范数据，记录澳大利亚 0-9 岁儿童的横断面、年龄特异性睡眠模式。
全国代表性的澳大利亚儿童纵向研究的前三波，包括 2004 年招募的两个队列，年龄在 0-1 岁（n=5107）和 4-5 岁（n=4983），每两年评估一次。
至少有一波睡眠数据可分析的儿童。
在每一波，父母前瞻性地为随机选择的一周或周末日完成 24 小时时间使用日记。“睡眠、小睡”是记录在 15 分钟时间间隔内的 26 个预编码活动之一。
从 0 岁到 9 岁，24 小时睡眠时间从 4-6 个月的平均高峰 14 小时（SD 2.2）下降到 9 岁的 10 小时（SD 1.9），主要是由于平均入睡时间逐渐推迟，从 20:00（SD 75 分钟）到 21:00（SD 60 分钟），白天睡眠时间从 3.0（SD 1.7）小时减少到 0.03（SD 0.2）小时。夜间醒来的次数和持续时间也减少了。到了小学，周末的起床和入睡时间明显较晚。百分位数图表最显著的特点是，在这个正常人群中，所有年龄段的睡眠时间、入睡时间，尤其是醒来时间都有很大的差异。
家长和专业人士可以使用这些新的百分位数图表来判断儿童睡眠的正常性。在未来的研究中，这些人群参数现在将用于实证确定儿童和家长健康等儿童睡眠模式的最佳模式。
