母乳喂养的排他性对儿童早期结局的影响。
The effects of breastfeeding exclusivity on early childhood outcomes.
机构信息
Jade Marcus Jenkins is with the School of Education at the University of California, Irvine. At the time of the study, E. Michael Foster was with the Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2014 Feb;104 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S128-35. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301713. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
OBJECTIVES
We examined the relationship between breastfeeding exclusivity and duration and children's health and cognitive outcomes at ages 2 and 4 years.
METHODS
We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, a nationally representative sample of 10,700 children born in the United States in 2001. Parent interviews and child assessments were conducted in measurement waves at 9 months, 2 years, 4 years, and in kindergarten, with the focus on ages 2 and 4 years. We employed propensity scores as a means of adjusting for confounding involving observed characteristics.
RESULTS
Outcome analyses using propensity scores showed some small effects of breastfeeding on key outcomes at age 4 years but not at age 2 years. Effects appeared to be concentrated in reading and cognitive outcomes. Overall, we found no consistent evidence for dosage effects of breastfeeding exclusivity. Our sensitivity analyses revealed that a small amount of unobserved confounding could be responsible for the resulting benefits.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study revealed little or no effect of breastfeeding exclusivity and duration on key child outcomes.
目的
我们研究了母乳喂养的专一性和持续时间与儿童在 2 岁和 4 岁时的健康和认知结果之间的关系。
方法
我们使用了“儿童纵向研究-出生队列”，这是一个具有全国代表性的样本，包含了 2001 年在美国出生的 10700 名儿童。在 9 个月、2 岁、4 岁和幼儿园期间进行了家长访谈和儿童评估，重点是 2 岁和 4 岁。我们采用倾向评分作为一种调整观察到的特征引起的混杂因素的方法。
结果
使用倾向评分进行的结果分析显示，母乳喂养对 4 岁时的关键结果有一些小的影响，但对 2 岁时没有影响。这些影响似乎集中在阅读和认知结果上。总体而言，我们没有发现母乳喂养专一性和持续时间对关键儿童结果有剂量效应的一致证据。我们的敏感性分析表明，少量未观察到的混杂因素可能是导致这些益处的原因。
结论
我们的研究表明，母乳喂养的专一性和持续时间对儿童的关键结果几乎没有或没有影响。
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