McMillan John
Division of Health Sciences, Bioethics Centre, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand,
J Bioeth Inq. 2014 Mar;11(1):47-55. doi: 10.1007/s11673-013-9495-y. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
Policy-makers have attempted to frame the ethical requirements that are relevant to the creation of human beings via reproductive technologies. Various reports and laws enacted in New Zealand, Canada, Australia, and Britain have introduced tests for how we should weigh child welfare when using these technologies. A number of bioethicists have argued that child welfare should be interpreted as a "best interests" test. Others have argued that there are ethical reasons why we should abandon this kind of test. I will argue that at least some of the relevant policy can be interpreted as requiring those wishing to exercise their procreative liberty to have a reasonable plan to care and nurture any resulting child, thereby respecting the internal preconditions of that liberty. This interpretation of child welfare requirements answers some of the ethical worries about a child welfare test.
政策制定者们试图制定与通过生殖技术创造人类相关的伦理要求。新西兰、加拿大、澳大利亚和英国颁布的各种报告和法律引入了关于在使用这些技术时应如何权衡儿童福利的测试。一些生物伦理学家认为，儿童福利应被解释为一种“最大利益”测试。其他人则认为，出于伦理原因，我们应该摒弃这种测试。我将论证，至少部分相关政策可以被解释为要求那些希望行使其生育自由的人有一个合理的计划来照顾和养育任何由此产生的孩子，从而尊重这种自由的内在前提条件。对儿童福利要求的这种解释回应了一些关于儿童福利测试的伦理担忧。
