母亲对孩子生命最初3年的监督：母亲抑郁及孩子性别的影响
Maternal supervision of children during their first 3 years of life: the influence of maternal depression and child gender.
作者信息
Phelan Kieran J, Morrongiello Barbara A, Khoury Jane C, Xu Yingying, Liddy Stacey, Lanphear Bruce
机构信息
MD, MS, James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 7014, Rm. 2.347 S Building, 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
出版信息
J Pediatr Psychol. 2014 Apr;39(3):349-57. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst090. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
OBJECTIVE
The present study examined the effect of child gender and maternal depressive symptoms on routine supervisory practices of mothers longitudinally.
METHOD
Self-report supervision practices were obtained at various time points from 3 months through 3 years of age.
RESULTS
From 3 to 36 months, the quantity of time mothers reported supervising decreased from 7.1 to 6.3 hours, and the proportion of time spent in an intense style decreased from 63 to 46%, whereas that spent in a peripheral style increased from 14 to 32%. Mothers reported more time supervising girls and a greater proportion of this was in an intense style. Mothers with elevated depressive symptoms reported more time supervising but a lower proportion in an intense style.
CONCLUSION
Over the first 36 months of life, routine patterns of supervision change and these vary as a function of maternal depression symptoms and child gender. Implications for child injury risk are discussed.
目的
本研究纵向考察了儿童性别和母亲抑郁症状对母亲日常监管行为的影响。
方法
在孩子3个月至3岁的不同时间点获取母亲的自我报告监管行为。
结果
在3至36个月期间，母亲报告的监管时间从7.1小时减少到6.3小时，高强度监管方式所花费的时间比例从63%降至46%，而边缘监管方式所花费的时间比例从14%增至32%。母亲报告称监管女孩的时间更多，且其中很大一部分是高强度监管方式。抑郁症状较重的母亲报告的监管时间更多，但高强度监管方式的比例较低。
结论
在生命的头36个月里，日常监管模式会发生变化，并且这些变化因母亲的抑郁症状和孩子的性别而异。文中讨论了其对儿童受伤风险的影响。
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