The adaptive immune response to respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. The combined actions of CD4 and CD8 T cells play a critical role in terminating an acute RSV infection whereas antibodies can provide protection from re-infection. Despite eliciting an immune response that mediates clearance of the virus, immunity to the virus appears to wane over time and individuals remain susceptible to reinfection with RSV throughout their lifetime. The ineffectiveness of the natural infection to induce long-term immunity has hampered vaccine efforts and there is currently no licensed RSV vaccine. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the adaptive immune response to RSV and its contribution to disease.