Vingerhoets Wilhelmina A M, Bloemen Oswald J N, Bakker Geor, van Amelsvoort Therese A M J
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands.
Front Psychiatry. 2013 Dec 4;4:157. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00157.
Schizophrenia is a disabling, chronic psychiatric disorder with a prevalence rate of 0.5-1% in the general population. Symptoms include positive (e.g., delusions, hallucinations), negative (e.g., blunted affect, social withdrawal), as well as cognitive symptoms (e.g., memory and attention problems). Although 75-85% of patients with schizophrenia report cognitive impairments, the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms are not well understood and currently no effective treatment is available for these impairments. This has led to the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative, which established seven cognitive domains that are fundamentally impaired in schizophrenia. These domains include verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, working memory, attention and vigilance, processing speed, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. Recently, a growing number of studies have been conducted trying to identify the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients. Specific cognitive impairments seem to arise from different underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms. However, most review articles describe cognition in general and an overview of the mechanisms involved in these seven separate cognitive domains is currently lacking. Therefore, we reviewed the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms focusing on the domains as established by the MATRICS initiative which are considered most crucial in schizophrenia.
精神分裂症是一种致残性慢性精神疾病，在普通人群中的患病率为0.5%-1%。症状包括阳性症状（如妄想、幻觉）、阴性症状（如情感迟钝、社交退缩）以及认知症状（如记忆和注意力问题）。尽管75%-85%的精神分裂症患者报告有认知障碍，但其潜在的神经药理学机制尚未完全明确，目前针对这些障碍也没有有效的治疗方法。这导致了改善精神分裂症认知的测量与治疗研究（MATRICS）计划的开展，该计划确定了精神分裂症中存在根本性损害的七个认知领域。这些领域包括言语学习与记忆、视觉学习与记忆、工作记忆、注意力与警觉性、处理速度、推理与问题解决以及社会认知。最近，越来越多的研究试图确定精神分裂症患者认知障碍的潜在神经药理学机制。特定的认知障碍似乎源于不同的潜在神经药理学机制。然而，大多数综述文章只是对认知进行了总体描述，目前缺乏对这七个独立认知领域所涉及机制的概述。因此，我们回顾了潜在的神经药理学机制，重点关注MATRICS计划确定的、在精神分裂症中被认为最为关键的领域。
