Turner Nina L, Powell Jeffrey B, Sinkule Edward J, Novak Debra A
Office of Extramural Programs, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
Ann Occup Hyg. 2014 Mar;58(2):241-50. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/met062. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the respiratory and metabolic stresses of air-fed ensembles used by workers in the nuclear, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries during rest, low-, and moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. Fourteen men and six women wore two different air-fed ensembles (AFE-1 and AFE-2) and one two-piece supplied-air respirator (SA) at rest (REST) and while walking for 6min at oxygen consumption (V.O2) rates of 1.0 (LOW) and 2.0 l min(-1) (MOD). Inhaled CO2 (FICO2), inhaled O2 (FIO2), pressure, and temperature were measured continuously breath-by-breath. For both LOW and MOD, FICO2 was significantly lower (P < 0.03) and FIO2 was significantly greater (P < 0.008) for SA compared with AFE-1 and AFE-2 in women, while in men, similar trends were observed. Significantly lower FICO2 (P < 0.009) and significantly greater FIO2 (P < 0.04) were consistently observed in AFE-1 compared with AFE-2 in men during LOW and MOD. For both men and women, average FICO2 exceeded 2.0% in AFE-2 during MOD. During LOW and MOD, average FIO2 in AFE-1 and AFE-2 dropped <19.5% in men and women. For men and women, average inhalation pressures (PIave) were significantly greater in both air-fed ensembles than SA (P < 0.001) during REST, LOW, and MOD. Inhaled gas temperature was significantly lower in SA than in either air-fed ensemble (P < 0.001). When the air supply was shut off during walking, the time taken for minimum FICO2 to reach 2.0% was <38 s for all three ensembles in both men and women, an observation that has implications for the design of emergency escape protocols for air-fed ensemble wearers. Results show that inhaled gas concentrations may reach physiologically stressful levels in air-fed ensembles during moderate-intensity treadmill walking.
本研究的目的是评估核工业、化学工业和制药工业的工人在休息、低强度和中等强度跑步机运动期间使用的供气式工作服的呼吸和代谢压力。14名男性和6名女性在休息（REST）时以及以每分钟1.0（低强度，LOW）和2.0升（中等强度，MOD）的耗氧率步行6分钟时，穿着两种不同的供气式工作服（AFE - 1和AFE - 2）以及一套两件式供气呼吸器（SA）。逐次呼吸连续测量吸入的二氧化碳（FICO2）、吸入的氧气（FIO2）、压力和温度。对于低强度和中等强度运动，在女性中，与AFE - 1和AFE - 2相比，SA的FICO2显著更低（P < 0.03），FIO2显著更高（P < 0.008），而在男性中也观察到类似趋势。在低强度和中等强度运动期间，与AFE - 2相比，男性的AFE - 1中始终观察到显著更低的FICO2（P < 0.009）和显著更高的FIO2（P < 0.04）。在中等强度运动期间，AFE - 2中男性和女性的平均FICO2均超过2.0%。在低强度和中等强度运动期间，AFE - 1和AFE - 2中男性和女性的平均FIO2下降幅度均小于19.5%。在休息、低强度和中等强度运动期间，男性和女性在两种供气式工作服中的平均吸入压力（PIave）均显著高于SA（P < 0.001）。SA中的吸入气体温度显著低于任何一种供气式工作服（P < 0.001）。当步行过程中关闭供气时，所有三种工作服在男性和女性中最低FICO2达到2.0%所需的时间均小于38秒，这一观察结果对供气式工作服佩戴者的紧急逃生预案设计具有启示意义。结果表明，在中等强度跑步机步行期间，供气式工作服中的吸入气体浓度可能达到生理压力水平。
