Jackson Nicki, Denny Simon, Sheridan Janie, Fleming Terry, Clark Terryann, Teevale Tasileta, Ameratunga Shanthi
Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014 Feb 1;135:133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.021. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
Uni-dimensional measures of alcohol consumption may be unable to fully capture the complexity of adolescent drinking and experience of alcohol-related harms. Latent class analysis provides an empirical method to understand different adolescent drinking patterns.
Latent class analysis was used to create typologies of drinking among the 5018 current drinkers in the national Youth '07 survey. Determinants of drinking patterns were identified using multinomial logistic regression.
Four latent classes were identified, demonstrating an overall increase in risk of alcohol-related outcomes from increasing consumption. One class strongly deviated from this pattern, having moderate consumption patterns but disproportionately high levels of alcohol-related problems. Multinomial logistic regression found that the strongest predictors of belonging to high-risk drinking typologies were having a positive attitude to regular alcohol use, buying own alcohol, peers using alcohol, and obtaining alcohol from friends and/or other adults. Other significant predictors included being male, having a strong connection to friends, having parents with a low level of knowledge of their daily activities and poor connection to school. Class membership also varied by ethnicity.
The latent class approach demonstrated variability in alcohol-related harms across groups of students with different drinking patterns. Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the causes of this variability in order to inform the development of targeted policy and preventative interventions. Legislative controls, such as increasing the legal purchase age and reducing the commercial availability of alcohol, will continue to be important strategies for reducing harm in young people.
饮酒的单维度测量可能无法充分捕捉青少年饮酒的复杂性以及与酒精相关危害的经历。潜在类别分析提供了一种实证方法来理解不同的青少年饮酒模式。
在全国青少年“07”调查中，对5018名当前饮酒者使用潜在类别分析来创建饮酒类型。使用多项逻辑回归确定饮酒模式的决定因素。
确定了四个潜在类别，表明随着饮酒量增加，与酒精相关后果的风险总体上升。有一个类别明显偏离这种模式，其饮酒模式适中，但与酒精相关的问题水平却高得不成比例。多项逻辑回归发现，属于高风险饮酒类型的最强预测因素是对经常饮酒持积极态度、自己购买酒精、同龄人饮酒以及从朋友和/或其他成年人那里获得酒精。其他重要预测因素包括男性、与朋友有紧密联系、父母对其日常活动了解程度低以及与学校联系薄弱。类别归属也因种族而异。
潜在类别方法表明，不同饮酒模式的学生群体在与酒精相关的危害方面存在差异。有必要进行纵向研究以确定这种差异的原因，从而为制定有针对性的政策和预防性干预措施提供信息。立法控制措施，如提高法定购买年龄和减少酒精的商业可得性，仍将是减少年轻人危害的重要策略。
