Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Zarzuela, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Zarzuela, Madrid, Spain.
Maturitas. 2014 Mar;77(3):202-8. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.010. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Diet represents 30-35% of risk factors that contribute to the onset of cancer. Some foods and dietary patterns have been linked to the risk of various cancers. However epidemiological available data are not consistent for many foods and the associations with cancer risk remain unclear. The concerns about this issue are considered like a "Hot topic" for oncologists and general population.
The aim of this report is to present a review of the published epidemiologic research to date reflecting the most current scientific evidence related to diet and cancer risk.
EMBASE and PubMed-NCBI were searched for relevant articles up to October 2013 that identified potentials interactions between foods or dietary patterns with cancer risk.
There is no conclusive evidence as an independent risk factor for isolated nutrients versus adoption of dietary patterns for cancer risk. Moderate physical activity after breast cancer diagnosis contributes to 40% reduction of recurrence/disease-specific mortality. Cancer colon risk derived from meat intake is influenced by both total intake and its frequency. The interaction of phenolic compounds on metabolic and signaling pathways like P450, MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, IGF-1, NF-kB and ROS seems to exert an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and tumor metastasis and induces apoptosis in various types of cancer cells, including colon, lung, prostate, hepatocellular or breast cancer.
There is a direct relationship between unhealthy diet and lifestyle with the increase of tumor development and cancer risk. For this reason, a good nutritional status based on a balanced diet constitutes one of the main preventive factors from tumors. However the mixed results from epidemiologic studies hinder to get unequivocal and consistent evidence about the interaction between diet and cancer risk. More epidemiological studies will be needed in the future to clarify this issue.
饮食占导致癌症发生的 30-35%的风险因素。某些食物和饮食模式与各种癌症的风险有关。然而，对于许多食物，流行病学上可用的数据并不一致，并且与癌症风险的关联仍不清楚。人们对这个问题的关注被认为是肿瘤学家和普通人群的“热门话题”。
本报告旨在对迄今为止发表的流行病学研究进行综述，反映与饮食和癌症风险相关的最新科学证据。
截至 2013 年 10 月，在 EMBASE 和 PubMed-NCBI 上搜索了与食物或饮食模式与癌症风险之间潜在相互作用相关的相关文章。
没有确凿的证据表明单独的营养素作为独立的风险因素，而饮食模式作为癌症风险的独立因素。乳腺癌诊断后适度的体力活动有助于降低 40%的复发/疾病特异性死亡率。源自肉类摄入的结肠癌风险受到总摄入量及其频率的影响。酚类化合物对代谢和信号通路（如 P450、MAP 激酶、PI3 激酶、IGF-1、NF-kB 和 ROS）的相互作用似乎对细胞增殖和肿瘤转移发挥抑制作用，并诱导包括结肠癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌或乳腺癌在内的各种类型的癌细胞凋亡。
不健康的饮食和生活方式与肿瘤发展和癌症风险的增加之间存在直接关系。因此，基于均衡饮食的良好营养状况构成了预防肿瘤的主要因素之一。然而，来自流行病学研究的混杂结果阻碍了获得关于饮食与癌症风险之间相互作用的明确和一致的证据。未来还需要更多的流行病学研究来阐明这个问题。
