Muangphra Ptumporn, Sengsai Supanyika, Gooneratne Ravi
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
Environ Toxicol. 2015 May;30(5):597-606. doi: 10.1002/tox.21937. Epub 2013 Dec 21.
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, disease vector control, and food safety. It accumulates in soil. Therefore, traces of cypermethrin may frequently appear in vegetables grown in contaminated soil. There is a push now to develop biomarkers as early warning indicators of environmental pollution. In this study, DNA damage (tail DNA%, tail length, and olive tail moment), the micronucleus, neutral red retention (NRR) time, and pinocytic adherence ability of coelomocytes were investigated in Pheretima peguana earthworms exposed to cypermethrin in filter paper tests. The NRR time of earthworm coelomocytes decreased significantly at a concentration of 3.5 × 10(-3) µg · cm(-2) (1/100 LC50 ) after 48 h exposure, with a highly negative correlation with cypermethrin concentration. Pinocytic adherence ability of coelomocytes also declined significantly at a cypermethrin concentration of 3.5 × 10(-2) µg · cm(-2) (1/10 LC50 ). The DNA damage to earthworm coelomocytes (tail DNA%, tail length, and olive tail moment) increased considerably at the highest concentration (3.5 × 10(-1) µg · cm(-2) ) although the correlation between tail DNA% and cypermethrin concentration was low. Thus, physiological biomarkers were more sensitive than the genotoxic effects in earthworms exposed to commercial cypermethrin. Although a suite of earthworm biomarkers could be used to evaluate cypermethrin terrestrial pollution, the NRR test is easier to conduct and a more sensitive indicator.
氯氰菊酯是一种合成拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，在全球范围内用于农业、家庭害虫防治、病媒控制和食品安全领域。它会在土壤中累积。因此，受污染土壤中种植的蔬菜可能经常出现氯氰菊酯残留。目前迫切需要开发生物标志物作为环境污染的早期预警指标。在本研究中，通过滤纸试验，对暴露于氯氰菊酯的佩氏环毛蚓的体腔细胞进行了DNA损伤（尾DNA%、尾长和橄榄尾矩）、微核、中性红保留（NRR）时间和胞饮黏附能力的研究。暴露48小时后，在浓度为3.5×10（-3）μg·cm（-2）（1/100 LC50）时，蚯蚓体腔细胞的NRR时间显著降低，与氯氰菊酯浓度呈高度负相关。在氯氰菊酯浓度为3.5×10（-2）μg·cm（-2）（1/10 LC50）时，体腔细胞的胞饮黏附能力也显著下降。在最高浓度（3.5×10（-1）μg·cm（-2））下，蚯蚓体腔细胞的DNA损伤（尾DNA%、尾长和橄榄尾矩）显著增加，尽管尾DNA%与氯氰菊酯浓度之间的相关性较低。因此，在暴露于商用氯氰菊酯的蚯蚓中，生理生物标志物比遗传毒性效应更敏感。虽然可以使用一系列蚯蚓生物标志物来评估氯氰菊酯的土壤污染，但NRR试验操作更简便，且是更敏感的指标。
