Hultcrantz E, Nuttall A L
Am J Otolaryngol. 1987 Jan-Feb;8(1):16-22. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0709(87)80014-5.
The effect of hemodilution on cochlear blood flow was studied in guinea pigs. Hypervolemic hemodilution was accomplished by infusion of 10 mg/kg of body weight of dextran 40 (as a 10% solution in normal saline), which resulted in an average hematocrit decrease from 43 to 32%. Normovolemic hemodilution was accomplished by repeated exchange of 3 ml of whole blood with 3 ml of dextran 75 (6% solution in normal saline) every 5 minutes until the hematocrit reached approximately 5%. The cochlear blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Irrespective of the dilutional technique, the cochlear blood flow increased as hematocrit decreased to a maximum of approximately 200% of original value at a hematocrit near 20%. The blood pressure was not significantly influenced by the hemodilution until hematocrit values below 15% were reached. The enhancement of cochlear blood flow is consistent with the expected reduction of blood viscosity and increase of cardiac output. Normovolemic hemodilution with dextran 75 causes a smaller disturbance of systemic circulation physiology and has a more lasting effect than dextran 40 infusion.
在豚鼠身上研究了血液稀释对耳蜗血流的影响。通过静脉输注10mg/kg体重的右旋糖酐40（以10%的生理盐水溶液形式）实现高血容量血液稀释，这导致平均血细胞比容从43%降至32%。等血容量血液稀释是通过每5分钟用3ml右旋糖酐75（6%的生理盐水溶液）反复置换3ml全血来完成的，直到血细胞比容达到约5%。通过激光多普勒血流仪测量耳蜗血流。无论采用何种稀释技术，随着血细胞比容降至接近20%时，耳蜗血流增加，在血细胞比容约为20%时达到最大值，约为原始值的200%。直到血细胞比容值低于15%时，血液稀释才对血压产生显著影响。耳蜗血流的增加与预期的血液粘度降低和心输出量增加一致。与输注右旋糖酐40相比，用右旋糖酐75进行等血容量血液稀释对体循环生理的干扰较小，且效果更持久。
