Botha Christo J, Coetser Heleen, Schultz Rowena A, Labuschagne Leonie, van der Merwe Deon
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2013;80(1):543. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.543.
Moraea pallida (yellow tulp) poisoning is economically the most important intoxication of livestock in South Africa. Poisoning varies according to locality, climatic conditions and growth stage of the plant. The primary objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the toxic principle, epoxyscillirosidine, in yellow tulp leaves and to ascertain the variability of epoxyscillirosidine concentrations within and between different locations. A secondary objective was to utilise Geographic Information Systems in an attempt to explain the variability in toxicity. Flowering yellow tulp plants were collected at 26 sampling points across 20 districts of South Africa. The leaves of five plants per sampling point were extracted and submitted for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. A large variation in mean epoxyscillirosidine concentrations, ranging from 3.32 μg/g - 238.27 μg/g, occurred between different geographical regions. The epoxyscillirosidine concentrations also varied tremendously between individual plants (n = 5) collected at the same sampling point, with up to a 24 times difference between the lowest and highest concentration detected. No generalised correlation between epoxyscillirosidine concentrations and soil elemental concentrations could be established. However, samples obtained from the north-eastern part of the sampling region tended to have higher epoxyscillirosidine concentrations compared to samples obtained from the south-western part of the sampling region. Higher toxin concentrations in the north-east were associated with statistically significant higher soil concentrations of iron, bismuth, bromide, cadmium, chromium, rubidium, tellurium, thallium, titanium and zinc, whilst soil concentrations of strontium and soil pH, were significantly lower. This study corroborated the contention that epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp fluctuates and may explain the variability in toxicity.
苍白鸢尾（黄菖蒲）中毒在经济上是南非家畜最重要的中毒情况。中毒情况因植物的产地、气候条件和生长阶段而异。本研究的主要目的是测定黄菖蒲叶片中毒素环氧环蒜氨酸的浓度，并确定不同地点内和不同地点间环氧环蒜氨酸浓度的变异性。次要目的是利用地理信息系统来试图解释毒性的变异性。在南非20个地区的26个采样点采集了开花的黄菖蒲植株。每个采样点选取5株植物的叶子进行提取，并提交进行液相色谱/质谱分析。不同地理区域间环氧环蒜氨酸平均浓度差异很大，范围为3.32μg/g至238.27μg/g。在同一采样点采集的单株植物（n = 5）之间，环氧环蒜氨酸浓度也有极大差异，检测到的最低浓度和最高浓度之间相差达24倍。无法确定环氧环蒜氨酸浓度与土壤元素浓度之间的普遍相关性。然而，与从采样区域西南部获得的样本相比，从采样区域东北部获得的样本往往具有更高的环氧环蒜氨酸浓度。东北部较高的毒素浓度与土壤中铁、铋、溴、镉、铬、铷、碲、铊、钛和锌的浓度在统计学上显著较高相关，而土壤中锶的浓度和土壤pH值则显著较低。本研究证实了黄菖蒲中环氧环蒜氨酸浓度会波动这一观点，并可能解释毒性的变异性。
