Zhang Yin-Ping, Xia Ru-Yi, Zhang Bei, Zhang Feng, Zhao Xin-Shuang, Zhang Lu-Lu, Li Hao
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China,
J Community Health. 2014 Jun;39(3):545-51. doi: 10.1007/s10900-013-9795-5.
Osteoporosis represents the major public health concern worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess osteoporosis beliefs and actual performance of osteoporosis preventive behaviors in non-academic community Chinese population and to explore whether the differences exist in community females and males. A cross sectional study including 137 females and 122 males was conducted in four non-academic communities of Xi'an city during November 2012, selected by multi-stage sampling method. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The respondents' mean age was 56.06 ± 5.81 years. 35.5% of the participants had a bone mineral density test. The participants exhibit relatively low osteoporosis health beliefs. The total health belief score was 63.30 ± 8.55 and 64.13 ± 6.47 in females and males respectively. There was significant gender differences in the subscales of Perceived seriousness (p = 0.03), Perceived barriers to exercise (p = 0.004) and Perceived motivation (p = 0.01). Participants had low frequencies of preventive practices. Gender differences were revealed in current smoking and alcohol intake, soybean food intake, smoking history (p < 0.001), alcohol intake history (p = 0.001), meat or egg intake (p = 0.019). The findings from the study suggest an increased awareness of this major public health problem in non-academic Chinese and the scope for enhancing osteoporosis intervention considering the gender difference.
骨质疏松症是全球主要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估中国非学术社区人群对骨质疏松症的认知以及骨质疏松症预防行为的实际执行情况，并探讨社区女性和男性之间是否存在差异。2012年11月，采用多阶段抽样方法，在西安市四个非学术社区对137名女性和122名男性进行了横断面研究。采用自填式问卷收集数据。受访者的平均年龄为56.06±5.81岁。35.5%的参与者进行了骨密度测试。参与者对骨质疏松症的健康认知相对较低。女性和男性的总体健康认知得分分别为63.30±8.55和64.13±6.47。在感知严重性（p = 0.03）、运动感知障碍（p = 0.004）和感知动机（p = 0.01）等子量表上存在显著的性别差异。参与者预防措施的频率较低。在当前吸烟和饮酒情况、大豆类食物摄入、吸烟史（p < 0.001）、饮酒史（p = 0.001）、肉类或蛋类摄入（p = 0.019）方面存在性别差异。该研究结果表明，中国非学术人群对这一主要公共卫生问题的认识有所提高，并且考虑到性别差异，加强骨质疏松症干预具有一定空间。
