医疗机构雇主对护士教育的政策。

School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

Health Care Cost Institute, Washington, DC, USA.

J Healthc Manag. 2013 Nov-Dec;58(6):399-410; discussion 410-1.

The 2010 recommendation that the proportion of registered nurses with BSN (bachelor of science in nursing) degrees in the nursing workforce should increase from the current 40% to 80% by the year 2020 has shifted the focus on nurses educational progression from state legislatures-where changes in entry-level requirements were debated for decades-to the executive suites of large healthcare providers. The recommendation, contained in the report titled The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing at the Institute of Medicine, suggests that human resources policies for nurses have the potential to double the rates of college degree completions (IOM, 2010). We surveyed 447 nurse executives in hospitals, nurse-led clinics, and home and hospice companies to explore the current practices of healthcare employers with regard to this recommendation. Almost 80% of respondents reported that their institution either preferred or required newly hired nurses to have a bachelor's degree, and 94% of the facilities offered some level of tuition reimbursement. Only 25%, however, required their nurses to earn a BSN or offered salary differentials on the basis of educational attainment (9%). We conclude that if employers are serious about wanting a more highly educated nurse workforce, they need to adopt requirements for degree completion and wage differentials in the coming years. The likelihood that such policies will be widely adopted, however, is dramatically affected by the dynamics of nursing supply and demand.

2010 年的建议指出，到 2020 年，护理劳动力中拥有护理学学士学位（BSN）的注册护士比例应从目前的 40%增加到 80%，这将护士教育进程的重点从州立法机构（几十年来一直在讨论入门级要求的变化）转移到大型医疗保健提供者的高管层。该建议包含在罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会（Robert Wood Johnson Foundation）护理未来倡议（Institute of Medicine）的题为《护理的未来：引领变革，促进健康》的报告中，该建议表明，护士人力资源政策有可能将大学学位完成率提高一倍（IOM，2010）。我们调查了 447 名医院、护士主导的诊所和家庭及临终关怀公司的护士高管，以探讨医疗保健雇主在这一建议方面的现行做法。近 80%的受访者报告说，他们的机构要么更喜欢，要么要求新雇用的护士拥有学士学位，而 94%的机构提供某种程度的学费报销。然而，只有 25%的机构要求护士获得 BSN 学位，或以教育程度为基础提供薪资差异（9%）。我们的结论是，如果雇主真的希望拥有一支受过更高教育的护士队伍，他们需要在未来几年内制定学位完成和工资差异的要求。然而，这些政策是否会被广泛采用，极大地受到护理供求动态的影响。