Oceans Program, Environmental Defense Fund, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20009, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(3):1993-2000. doi: 10.1021/es4051555. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
The BP oil disaster posed a significant threat to the U.S. seafood industry. Invertebrates (shrimp, oyster, crab) and other nearshore species comprised the majority of postspill testing by federal and state agencies. Deeper water finfish were sampled less frequently, despite population ranges that overlapped with affected waters. We report on a voluntary testing program with Gulf of Mexico commercial fishermen to ensure the safety of their catch. Seven species of reef fish were tested for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, several metals, and a constituent of Corexit 9500A and 9527A dispersants. Only two of 92 samples had detectable levels of benzo(a)pyrene-equivalents (a combined measure of carcinogenic potency across 7 different PAHs), which were still below federal safety thresholds. PAH ratios for these samples suggest pyrogenic (not petrogenic) contamination - indicating potential sources other than Deepwater Horizon. Metals were largely absent (cadmium, lead) or consistent with levels previously reported (mercury, arsenic). One notable exception was tilefish, which showed mercury concentrations lower than expected. We did not detect dispersant in any of our samples, indicating that it was not present in these species during the study period. Our findings suggest minimal risk to public health from these seafoods as a result of the disaster; however, the most contaminated areas were not sampled through this program.
英国石油公司的石油灾难对美国的海鲜产业构成了重大威胁。无脊椎动物（虾、牡蛎、蟹）和其他近岸物种构成了联邦和州机构进行溢油后测试的大部分内容。尽管受影响水域与鱼类种群范围重叠，但深海鱼类的采样频率较低。我们报告了一个墨西哥湾商业渔民自愿检测计划，以确保其渔获物的安全。对七种珊瑚鱼进行了多环芳烃、几种金属以及 Corexit 9500A 和 9527A 分散剂的一种成分的检测。在 92 个样本中，只有两个样本检测到苯并(a)芘等效物（七种不同多环芳烃致癌效力的综合衡量标准）的可检测水平，仍低于联邦安全阈值。这些样本的多环芳烃比值表明存在热成因（而非石油成因）污染，这表明可能存在除深海地平线以外的其他污染源。金属的含量基本不存在（镉、铅）或与以前报告的水平一致（汞、砷）。一个值得注意的例外是 tilefish，其汞浓度低于预期。我们在所有样本中均未检测到分散剂，这表明在研究期间这些物种中不存在分散剂。我们的研究结果表明，这些海鲜对公众健康的风险很小；然而，最受污染的地区并没有通过该计划进行采样。
