Fritsche G
Versuchsstation für die Champignonkultur, Horst, Niederlande.
Theor Appl Genet. 1976 May;47(3):125-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00274941.
A. bitorquis was first taken into cultivation in 1968. It differs from A.bisporus, the only mushroom cultivated previously, in a range of properties. The claims for temperature are about 5° C higher. The fruitbodies (white smooth) are more vigorous than the sporophores of the white, scale-less strains of A.bisporus. Especially valuable characteristics which A. bitorquis brings are virus resistance, resistance to pressure, easy pickability and longer shelflife. The basidia have 4 instead of 2 spores. Consequently monosporecultures are infertile and systematic crossbreeding is a suitable breeding method.Because the hyphae do not form clamp connections, it is not possible to distinguish microscopically monocaryotic and dicaryotic mycelium. As the trials have shown, however, the compatibility of the monospore cultures can be recognized by the manner of mycelium growth on biomalt-agar. Where heterocaryotic mycelium has arisen matted, slow growing mycelium can turn into fluffy, and later on stringy fast-growing mycelium. With enough ventilation condensations of mycelium can be formed. Some combinations of monospore-cultures of different origin showed very significantly higher yields than the parental wild types, whereas other combinations of two monospore cultures were very significantly lower in yield than the parents. The combination of parental wildtypes scarcely differed in yield from the wildtype self. Regarding the course of the yield there were big differences in general.The strains also showed great variability in the shape and colour of the fruitbodies, their distribution on the bed and in other properties, such as the propensity of the mycelium to grow into the casing layer. The results are discussed.
双孢蘑菇于1968年首次被引入栽培。它在一系列特性上与之前唯一栽培的蘑菇双孢蘑菇不同。对温度的要求大约高5摄氏度。子实体（白色光滑）比双孢蘑菇白色、无鳞片菌株的子实体更有活力。双孢蘑菇具有的特别有价值的特性是抗病毒、耐压、易于采摘和保质期更长。担子有4个孢子而不是2个。因此单孢子培养不育，系统杂交是一种合适的育种方法。由于菌丝不形成锁状联合，在显微镜下无法区分单核菌丝体和双核菌丝体。然而，正如试验所示，单孢子培养物的兼容性可以通过菌丝在生物麦芽琼脂上的生长方式来识别。在异核菌丝体出现的地方，生长缓慢的缠结菌丝体可以变成蓬松的，随后变成丝状快速生长的菌丝体。有足够的通风时可以形成菌丝的凝结物。不同来源的一些单孢子培养物组合的产量比亲本野生型显著更高，而另外两种单孢子培养物的组合产量比亲本显著更低。亲本野生型的组合产量与野生型自交几乎没有差异。关于产量的变化过程，总体上有很大差异。这些菌株在子实体的形状和颜色、它们在床上的分布以及其他特性方面也表现出很大的变异性，比如菌丝长入覆土的倾向。对结果进行了讨论。
