Directorate of Environment and Climate Change, Pallimukku, Pettah P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695024,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 May;186(5):3221-37. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3612-6. Epub 2014 Jan 12.
Water pollution is one of the most critical problems affecting mankind. Weather pattern and land use of catchment area have significant role in quality of water bodies. Due to climate change, there is frequent variation in weather pattern all over the world. There is also rapid change in land use due to increase in population and urbanization. The study was carried out to analyze the effect of change in weather pattern during the monsoon periods of 2008 and 2012 on water quality of a tropical coastal lake system. The nature and extent of variation in different water quality parameters namely electrical conductivity (EC), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4), turbidity, Secchi disk depth, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate (PO4), calcium (Ca), and water temperature as well as the effect of various land use activities in the lake basin on water quality have also been studied. There is significant reduction in precipitation, EC, Mg, Na, Cl, SO4, turbidity, and Secchi disk depths whereas a significant rise in the BOD, PO4, Ca, and water temperature were observed in 2012. This significant reduction in electrical conductivity during 2012 revealed that because of less precipitation, the lake was separated from the sea by the sandbar during most of the monsoon period and thereby interrupted the natural flushing process. This caused the accumulation of organic matter including phosphate and thereby resulting reduction in clarity and chlorophyll-a (algae) in the lake. The unsustainable development activities of Thiruvanathapuram city are mainly responsible for the degradation of water bodies. The lack of maintenance and augmentation activities namely replacement of old pipes and periodical cleaning of pipe lines of the old sewer system in the city results in the bypass of sewage into water bodies. Because of the existence of the old sewerage system, no effort has been taken by the individual establishment/house of the city to provide their own treatment system for sewage and sullage and the untreated wastes are discharged into these old sewer pipes and ultimately the wastes reach the water bodies. In this context, decentralized treatment of sewage, sullage, and garbage by individual houses/establishments/hotels/hospitals is a better option for the developing countries. With the rapid developmental activities, and due to the variation of precipitation due to climate change, it is highly essential to provide proper waste treatment/augmentation facilities in urban lake system because a slight variation in the weather pattern can result in serious implications in the already polluted water bodies.
水污染是影响人类的最关键问题之一。集水区的天气模式和土地利用对水体质量有重要影响。由于气候变化，世界各地的天气模式经常发生变化。由于人口增长和城市化，土地利用也在迅速变化。本研究旨在分析 2008 年和 2012 年季风期间天气模式的变化对热带沿海湖泊系统水质的影响。还研究了不同水质参数（即电导率 (EC)、镁 (Mg)、钠 (Na)、氯 (Cl)、硫酸盐 (SO4)、浊度、塞奇圆盘深度、生化需氧量 (BOD)、磷酸盐 (PO4)、钙 (Ca) 和水温和各种湖泊流域土地利用活动对水质的影响。2012 年，降水、EC、Mg、Na、Cl、SO4、浊度和塞奇圆盘深度显著减少，而 BOD、PO4、Ca 和水温显著升高。2012 年电导率的显著降低表明，由于降水较少，在季风的大部分时间里，湖泊都被沙洲与大海隔开，从而中断了自然冲刷过程。这导致了包括磷酸盐在内的有机物质的积累，从而导致湖泊的透明度和叶绿素-a（藻类）降低。特里凡得琅市不可持续的发展活动是水体退化的主要原因。城市旧污水系统缺乏维护和扩建活动，即更换旧管道和定期清理管道，导致污水绕过污水进入水体。由于旧污水系统的存在，城市的个别机构/房屋没有采取措施为污水和污水提供自己的处理系统，未经处理的废物被排放到这些旧污水管道中，最终废物进入水体。在这种情况下，个体房屋/机构/酒店/医院对污水、污水和垃圾进行分散处理是发展中国家的更好选择。随着快速发展活动的进行，以及由于气候变化导致的降水变化，为城市湖泊系统提供适当的废物处理/扩建设施非常重要，因为天气模式的微小变化可能会对已经污染的水体产生严重影响。
