Duffert Anna
Federal Criminal Office (Bundeskriminalamt), George-Marshall-Straβe 20, 65203, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Drug Test Anal. 2014 Jul-Aug;6(7-8):876-8. doi: 10.1002/dta.1604. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
Over the last few years, a range of so-called new psychoactive substances (NPS) have established themselves on the German recreational drug scene, causing increased concern. At the same time, a great number of Internet shops have come into existence offering these substances for sale online, ensuring a high level of availability. A number of these substances derived from pharmaceutical research which did not result in marketing authorization, presumably due to unfavourable properties. There are hardly any reliable data on long-term health damage, addictive potential, and other aspects of these scientifically unexplored substances. A number of fatal intoxications have also become known. As a rule, the mostly young consumers do not know what substance they are taking and in what concentration, thus exposing themselves to incalculable health risks and consequences. The punishability of the handling of NPS depends on the actual content: the Narcotic Drugs Act (BtMG) is applicable if a product contains narcotic drugs. If similarly effective substances are contained, which are not classified as narcotic drugs, the (penal) provisions of the Medicinal Products Act might be applicable, if the product has a pharmaceutical effect. Experience gained so far has shown that manufacturers of these intoxicating substances react immediately to inclusions in the German BtMG and put new substances on the market which are chemically similar to the known substances thus circumventing legislation. In view of the immense variety of NPS and the enormous profits derived from their sale, an end to this development is not in sight.
在过去几年里，一系列所谓的新型精神活性物质（NPS）在德国的消遣性毒品市场站稳了脚跟，引发了越来越多的关注。与此同时，大量的网上商店应运而生，在网上出售这些物质，从而确保了它们的高可得性。其中一些物质源自药物研究，但可能由于不良特性而未获得上市许可。关于这些科学上尚未探索的物质对健康的长期损害、成瘾潜力及其他方面，几乎没有可靠的数据。一些致命中毒事件也已为人所知。通常，大多数年轻消费者不知道自己服用的是什么物质以及其浓度如何，从而使自己面临难以估量的健康风险和后果。对新型精神活性物质的管控处罚取决于其实际成分：如果一种产品含有麻醉药品，则适用《麻醉品法》（BtMG）。如果含有同样有效果但未被归类为麻醉药品的物质，且该产品具有药物作用，那么可能适用《药品法》的（刑事）规定。到目前为止的经验表明，这些致幻物质的制造商对德国《麻醉品法》中的禁令反应迅速，会推出与已知物质化学性质相似的新物质投放市场，从而规避法律。鉴于新型精神活性物质种类繁多且销售利润巨大，这种发展趋势短期内看不到尽头。
