Deng Zhong, Bai Dan, Zhai Guo-Liang, Zong Jie, Li Ying, Cai Jiu-Mao, Feng Jun-Jie
Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an 710048, China.
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, Henan, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Sep;24(9):2525-32.
A field experiment with three irrigation amounts and five nitrogen application levels was conducted to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen regulation on the growth characteristics, yield component factors, and water and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton in south Xinjiang under mulched drip irrigation. With the increasing amount of irrigation, the plant height, leaf number on main stem, boll number, LAI, and dry matter accumulation in leaf and stem improved significantly, but the root growth was restrained. As compared with low and high irrigation amounts (4950 and 6750 mm x hm(-2), respectively), medium irrigation amount (5850 mm x hm(-2)) increased the available bolls per plant and the single boll mass averagely by 0.96 and 0.4 and by 0.22 and 0.11 g, respectively. When the nitrogen application level was 300 kg x hm(-2), as compared with other nitrogen application levels, the stem diameter increased significantly, and the growth of bud, boll, and root was accelerated. Moreover, the allocation ratio of dry matter from nutritional organs to reproductive organs under medium irrigation amount increased by 5.1% and 29.6% respectively, as compared with that under low and high irrigation amounts. Irrigation amount had significant effects on the cotton yield but little effects on the lint percentage, whereas nitrogen application level had definite effects on the cotton yield and lint percentage. However, low irrigation amount restrained the effects of nitrogen application on yield enhancement. In this experiment, when the irrigation amount was 5850 mm x hm(-2) and the nitrogen application level was 300 kg x hm(-2), the cotton grew healthily, the plant shape structure was optimized, the dry matter allocation to reproductive organs was promoted dramatically, the available bolls, single boll mass, and lint percentage increased, the cotton yield reached the highest (6992.33 kg x hm(-2)), and the water and nitrogen use efficiency amounted to 1.45 kg x m(-3) and 45.9%, respectively.
进行了一项田间试验，设置了三种灌水量和五个施氮水平，以研究水氮调控对南疆膜下滴灌棉花生长特性、产量构成因素以及水氮利用效率的影响。随着灌水量增加，棉花株高、主茎叶片数、棉铃数、叶面积指数以及叶和茎的干物质积累显著提高，但根系生长受到抑制。与低灌水量和高灌水量（分别为4950和6750毫米·公顷⁻²）相比，中等灌水量（5850毫米·公顷⁻²）使单株有效铃数和单铃重平均分别增加0.96个和0.4克，以及0.22个和0.11克。当施氮水平为300千克·公顷⁻²时，与其他施氮水平相比，茎粗显著增加，蕾、铃和根系生长加快。此外，与低灌水量和高灌水量相比，中等灌水量下营养器官向生殖器官的干物质分配比例分别提高了5.1%和29.6%。灌水量对棉花产量有显著影响，但对衣分影响较小，而施氮水平对棉花产量和衣分有一定影响。然而，低灌水量抑制了施氮对产量提高的作用。在本试验中，当灌水量为5850毫米·公顷⁻²且施氮水平为300千克·公顷⁻²时，棉花生长健壮，株型结构优化，向生殖器官的干物质分配显著增加，有效铃数、单铃重和衣分提高，棉花产量达到最高（6992.33千克·公顷⁻²），水氮利用效率分别为1.45千克·立方米⁻³和45.9%。
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