Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Clin Chim Acta. 2014 Mar 20;430:96-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
Melamine (M), which is composed of multi-amine, has been used as a food additive to falsely increase protein contents. Furthermore, cyanuric acid (CA) is a derivative of melamine. It is known that these mixtures can cause renal toxicity.
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible target cells during acute renal toxicity of melamine and cyanuric acid (MCA) mixture crystals in vivo. Rats were provided with a lethal dose of MCA (1:1; 400mg/kg) and observed after 0.5, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48-h intervals.
MCA caused degeneration/necrosis in the proximal tubules starting at 12h and increased at 24 and 48 h. A small number of yellow-green crystals were observed in the dilated distal renal tubules at 48 h post-treatment. Ultrastructurally, pyknosis, mitochondrial vesicles, and cellular swelling were found in the proximal tubular cells at 0.5h. Small needle-like crystals in the cytoplasm and large crystals in the lumen of tubules indicated physical damage to the renal cells.
These results clearly reveal that in the MCA-induced renal toxicity model, crystals are distributed to both the proximal and distal tubules in rats. The proximal tubular cells may be initially injured and subsequently block the distal tubules with MCA crystals during early acute intoxication.
三聚氰胺（M）由多胺组成，曾被用作食品添加剂来虚假地提高蛋白质含量。此外，三聚氰胺的衍生物是三聚氰酸（CA）。已知这些混合物会导致肾毒性。
本研究的目的是研究三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸（MCA）混合物晶体在体内急性肾毒性作用下可能的靶细胞。大鼠给予致死剂量的 MCA（1:1；400mg/kg），并在 0.5、1、3、12、24 和 48 小时后进行观察。
MCA 在 12 小时开始引起近端肾小管的变性/坏死，并在 24 和 48 小时增加。在治疗后 48 小时，在扩张的远端肾小管中观察到少量黄绿色晶体。超微结构显示，在 0.5 小时时，近端肾小管细胞中出现了核固缩、线粒体小泡和细胞肿胀。细胞质中的小针状晶体和管腔中的大晶体表明肾细胞受到物理损伤。
这些结果清楚地表明，在 MCA 诱导的肾毒性模型中，晶体分布在大鼠的近端和远端肾小管中。在早期急性中毒期间，近端肾小管细胞可能首先受到损伤，随后 MCA 晶体阻塞远端肾小管。
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