Authors' Affiliations: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Yale University School of Medicine; Yale Cancer Center; Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut; and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Jan;23(1):3-9. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0896.
Although tobacco is a well-established causal agent for many human cancers, less emphasis has been placed on translating this evidence by evaluating the effects of continued tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis. A broad assessment of the effects of continued tobacco use demonstrates that tobacco increases cancer treatment toxicity, recurrence, second primary tumors, and mortality in patients with cancer. Few studies report the potential benefits of cessation after a cancer diagnosis, but data suggest improved treatment outcomes in patients with cancer who quit smoking. Improving tobacco cessation treatment efficacy and access to cessation support has been sparsely researched in the oncology setting compared with the general population; however, patients with cancer are receptive to standard evidence-based tobacco cessation guidelines. Several studies demonstrate moderate tobacco cessation success in patients with cancer using the general principles of evidence-based tobacco cessation support. Several systems-level issues and research efforts are needed to standardize tobacco use definitions, increase access to tobacco cessation support, improve tobacco cessation efficacy, understand the time-dependent effects of tobacco and cessation on cancer biology, and realize the potential benefits of tobacco cessation for patients with cancer.
尽管烟草已被确认为许多人类癌症的致病因素，但在评估癌症诊断后继续吸烟对癌症的影响时，人们对这一证据的重视程度较低。广泛评估继续吸烟的影响表明，烟草会增加癌症患者的治疗毒性、复发、第二原发肿瘤和死亡率。很少有研究报告癌症诊断后戒烟的潜在益处，但数据表明，戒烟的癌症患者有更好的治疗效果。与普通人群相比，癌症领域在提高烟草戒断治疗效果和获得戒断支持方面的研究很少；然而，癌症患者愿意接受基于证据的标准烟草戒断指南。多项研究表明，使用基于证据的烟草戒断支持的一般原则，癌症患者的烟草戒断成功率为中等。需要解决一些系统层面的问题并开展研究工作，以规范烟草使用定义、增加获得烟草戒断支持的机会、提高烟草戒断效果、了解烟草和戒断对癌症生物学的时变影响，并实现烟草戒断对癌症患者的潜在益处。
