游泳比赛中运动员手所受水动力的计算流体动力学分析。
A computational fluid dynamics analysis of hydrodynamic force acting on a swimmer's hand in a swimming competition.
机构信息
Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Japan.
出版信息
J Sports Sci Med. 2013 Dec 1;12(4):679-89. eCollection 2013.
A stroke-analysis system based on a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has been developed to evaluate the hydrodynamic forces acting on a swimmer's hand. Using the present stroke-analysis system, a stroke technique of top swimmers can be recognized with regard to the hydrodynamic forces. The developed analysis system takes into account the effect of a transient stroke motion including acceleration and a curved stroke path without using assumptions such as a quasi-static approach. An unsteady Navier-Stokes solver based on an unstructured grid method is employed as the CFD method to calculate a viscous flow around a swimmer's hand which can cope with the complicated geometry of hands. The CFD method is validated by comparison with experiments in steady-state and transient conditions. Following the validations, a stroke-analysis system is proposed, in which a hand moves in accordance with a stroke path measured by synchronized video cameras, and the fluid forces acting on the hand are computed with the CFD method. As a demonstration of the stroke-analysis system, two world class swimmers' strokes in a race of 200 m freestyle are analyzed. The hydrodynamic forces acting on the hands of the top swimmers are computed, and the comparison of two swimmers shows that the stroke of the faster swimmer, who advanced at 1.84 m·s(-1) during the stroke-analysis, generated larger thrust with higher thrust efficiency than that of the slower swimmer, who advanced at 1.75 m·s(-1). The applicability of the present stroke analysis system has been proved through this analysis. Key PointsThe stroke-analysis system using CFD technique has been established.The stroke path and the hand orientation are obtained from a swimming competition with two synchronized underwater video camera, and used for the input data to the CFD analysis.The hydrodynamic force acting on the swimmer's hand and thrust efficiency are analyzed, and the stroke technique can be evaluated.
基于计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模拟的划水分析系统已被开发出来，用于评估游泳者手部所受的流体动力。利用本划水分析系统，可以根据流体动力识别顶尖游泳运动员的划水技术。所开发的分析系统考虑了包括加速度在内的瞬态划水动作的影响，以及没有采用准静态方法等假设的弯曲划水路径。非定常纳维-斯托克斯求解器基于非结构网格方法被用作 CFD 方法，以计算游泳者手部周围的粘性流，从而可以处理手部的复杂几何形状。CFD 方法通过与稳态和瞬态条件下的实验进行比较得到验证。验证后，提出了一种划水分析系统，其中手按照通过同步摄像机测量的划水路径移动，并且使用 CFD 方法计算作用于手上的流体力。作为划水分析系统的演示，对 200 米自由泳比赛中两名世界级游泳运动员的划水进行了分析。计算了顶尖游泳运动员手部的流体动力，对两名游泳运动员的比较表明，在划水分析中以 1.84 m·s(-1)前进的较快游泳运动员的划水产生了比以 1.75 m·s(-1)前进的较慢游泳运动员更大的推力，并且具有更高的推力效率。通过此分析证明了本划水分析系统的适用性。关键点利用 CFD 技术建立了划水分析系统。使用两个同步水下摄像机从游泳比赛中获取划水路径和手部方向，并将其用作 CFD 分析的输入数据。分析游泳者手部的流体动力和推力效率，并评估划水技术。
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