Marinho Daniel A, Silva Antonio J, Reis Victor M, Barbosa Tiago M, Vilas-Boas Joao P, Alves Francisco B, Machado Leandro, Rouboa Abel I
University of Beira Interior. Sport Sciences Department, Covilhã, Portugal, and the Centre of Research in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
J Appl Biomech. 2011 Feb;27(1):74-80. doi: 10.1123/jab.27.1.74.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of a realistic model of an elite swimmer hand/forearm using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics techniques. A three-dimensional domain was designed to simulate the fluid flow around a swimmer hand and forearm model in different orientations (0°, 45°, and 90° for the three axes Ox, Oy and Oz). The hand/forearm model was obtained through computerized tomography scans. Steady-state analyses were performed using the commercial code Fluent. The drag coefficient presented higher values than the lift coefficient for all model orientations. The drag coefficient of the hand/forearm model increased with the angle of attack, with the maximum value of the force coefficient corresponding to an angle of attack of 90°. The drag coefficient obtained the highest value at an orientation of the hand plane in which the model was directly perpendicular to the direction of the flow. An important contribution of the lift coefficient was observed at an angle of attack of 45°, which could have an important role in the overall propulsive force production of the hand and forearm in swimming phases, when the angle of attack is near 45°.
本研究的目的是使用三维计算流体动力学技术分析精英游泳运动员手/前臂真实模型的流体动力学特性。设计了一个三维域来模拟游泳者手和前臂模型在不同方向（坐标轴Ox、Oy和Oz的0°、45°和90°）周围的流体流动。手/前臂模型通过计算机断层扫描获得。使用商业软件Fluent进行稳态分析。对于所有模型方向，阻力系数的值均高于升力系数。手/前臂模型的阻力系数随攻角增加，力系数的最大值对应于90°的攻角。当手平面处于模型直接垂直于流动方向的方位时，阻力系数获得最高值。在45°攻角时观察到升力系数有重要贡献，当攻角接近45°时，这可能在游泳阶段手和前臂的整体推进力产生中起重要作用。
