Faculty of Education, Iwate University, 3-18-33 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
Iwate University, 3-18-33 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
Percept Mot Skills. 2013 Aug;117(1):1261-77. doi: 10.2466/27.22.pms.117x13z7.
Memory errors associated with higher confidence are more likely to be corrected than errors made with lower confidence, a phenomenon called the hypercorrection effect. This study investigated whether the hypercorrection effect occurs with phonological information of lexical representations. In Experiment 1, 15 participants performed a Japanese Kanji word-reading task, in which the words had several possible pronunciations. In the initial task, participants were required to read aloud each word and indicate their confidence in their response; this was followed by receipt of visual feedback of the correct response. A hypercorrection effect was observed, indicating generality of this effect beyond previous observations in memories based upon semantic or episodic representations. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2, in which 40 participants performed the same task as in Experiment 1. When the participant's ratings of the practical value of the words were controlled, a partial correlation between confidence and likelihood of later correcting the initial mistaken response was reduced. This suggests that the hypercorrection effect may be partially caused by an individual's recognition of the practical value of reading the words correctly.
与较低置信度相关的记忆错误比低置信度产生的错误更有可能被纠正，这种现象称为过度纠正效应。本研究探讨了过度纠正效应是否会发生在词汇表示的语音信息上。在实验 1 中，15 名参与者进行了日语汉字阅读任务，其中单词有几个可能的发音。在初始任务中，要求参与者大声朗读每个单词并表示对其回答的信心；然后收到正确回答的视觉反馈。观察到过度纠正效应，表明该效应不仅在基于语义或情节的记忆中的先前观察中，而且在其他方面具有普遍性。在实验 2 中，40 名参与者重复了与实验 1 相同的任务。当控制参与者对单词实际价值的评分时，置信度与以后纠正初始错误反应的可能性之间的部分相关度降低。这表明过度纠正效应可能部分是由于个体对正确阅读单词的实际价值的认识。
