Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ospedale Civile, 105-35128 Padova, Italy.
Internal Medicine Unit, Mestre-Venice Ospedale dell'Angelo, Via Paccagnella, 11-30174 Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):417-22. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.044. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
Hypoparathyroidism (HP) is clinically characterized by the presence of hypocalcemia, usually associated with specific signs and symptoms that depend on how severe and chronic the disease becomes. HP is usually caused by surgical removal of all four parathyroids, while other forms are rarer. Autoimmune HP can occur as an isolated disease or as part of an autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. Here we review what is known about parathyroid gland autoimmunity, focusing on recently-proposed parathyroid autoantibody markers, and particularly those directed against NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 and calcium-sensing receptor. We also describe the clinical characteristics of HP and design a diagnostic algorithm for autoimmune HP.
甲状旁腺功能减退症（HP）的临床特征为低钙血症，通常伴有特定的体征和症状，具体取决于疾病的严重程度和慢性程度。HP 通常由全部四个甲状旁腺切除引起，而其他形式则较为罕见。自身免疫性 HP 可作为一种独立疾病或作为自身免疫性多内分泌综合征的一部分出现。在这里，我们回顾了甲状旁腺自身免疫的相关知识，重点介绍了最近提出的甲状旁腺自身抗体标志物，特别是针对 NACHT 亮氨酸丰富重复蛋白 5 和钙敏感受体的标志物。我们还描述了 HP 的临床特征，并为自身免疫性 HP 设计了诊断算法。
