预冷、果实涂层和包装对苹果采后品质的影响。
Effect of pre-cooling, fruit coating and packaging on postharvest quality of apple.
机构信息
Institute of Post- harvest Technology, Jayanthi Mawatha, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Department of Post-harvest Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230 India.
出版信息
J Food Sci Technol. 2013 Apr;50(2):325-31. doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0322-3. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
Freshly harvested apple fruits cv.'Royal Delicious' were subjected to Surface coating with 1, 1.5, 2% neem oil (Azadirachta indica) and 10, 15, 20% marigold flower (Tagetes erectus) extracts with pre cooling on apple storage quality was tested. Then the fruits were analyzed for physicochemical and physiological characters such as loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), pH, reducing sugar contents, pectin, total anthocyanin, polygalacturonase (PG) activity and fruit spoilage. The results revealed that, the 1.5-2% concentration of neem oil as a surface coating along with pre-cooling was the most effective by retaining better physiochemical characteristics, in addition, significantly lowering disease incidence. Similarly, packaging of fruits with corrugated fiber board (CFB) boxes + paper mould trays, CFB + Polyethylene (PE) liners and shrink wrapped tray packing during storage (18-25 °C and 65-75% RH), revealed that 2% neem oil surface coating with shrink wrap tray packing resulted the better retention of storage life and, whereas, the treatment effect on physico-chemical characteristics of fruits were significant (p < 0.05). However, the treatment effect was statistically at par with the marigold extract application with shrink wrapped tray packing in pre cooled fruits (10-15 °C, 70-75% RH) during ambient storage (18-25 ° C, 65-75% RH).
将 1%、1.5%、2%的印楝油（Azadirachta indica）和 10%、15%、20%的金盏花（Tagetes erectus）提取物作为表面涂层应用于新鲜收获的‘皇家美味’苹果果实，并进行预冷处理，以测试其对苹果贮藏品质的影响。然后对果实的理化和生理特性进行分析，如失重、果实硬度、总可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、可滴定酸度（TA）、pH 值、还原糖含量、果胶、总花青素、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性和果实腐烂情况。结果表明，1.5%-2%浓度的印楝油作为表面涂层，并结合预冷处理，是最有效的方法，可以更好地保持果实的理化特性，同时显著降低发病率。同样，在贮藏过程中（18-25°C 和 65-75% RH），用瓦楞纤维板（CFB）箱+纸模托盘、CFB+聚乙烯（PE）衬里和收缩托盘包装包装果实，用 2%印楝油表面涂层并采用收缩托盘包装的方法，可以更好地保持果实的贮藏寿命，而处理对果实理化特性的影响是显著的（p<0.05）。然而，与预冷果实（10-15°C，70-75% RH）用收缩托盘包装并应用金盏花提取物的处理效果在统计学上是相当的，贮藏环境为（18-25°C，65-75% RH）。
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