Edeleva Evgeniia V, Shcherbata Halyna R
Max Planck Research Group for Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Germany.
Front Genet. 2013 Dec 31;4:305. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00305.
The extracellular environment is a complex entity comprising of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulatory molecules. It is highly dynamic and under cell-extrinsic stress, transmits the stressed organism's state to each individual ECM-connected cell. microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory molecules involved in virtually all the processes in the cell, especially under stress. In this review, we analyse how miRNA expression is regulated downstream of various signal transduction pathways induced by changes in the extracellular environment. In particular, we focus on the muscular dystrophy-associated cell adhesion molecule dystroglycan capable of signal transduction. Then we show how exactly the same miRNAs feedback to regulate the extracellular environment. The ultimate goal of this bi-directional signal transduction process is to change cell behavior under cell-extrinsic stress in order to respond to it accordingly.
细胞外环境是一个复杂的实体，由细胞外基质（ECM）和调节分子组成。它高度动态，在细胞外应激状态下，将应激生物体的状态传递给每个与ECM相连的单个细胞。微小RNA（miRNA）是几乎参与细胞所有过程的调节分子，尤其是在应激状态下。在本综述中，我们分析了miRNA表达如何在由细胞外环境变化诱导的各种信号转导途径的下游受到调控。特别地，我们聚焦于能够进行信号转导的与肌肉萎缩相关的细胞粘附分子——肌营养不良聚糖。然后我们展示了完全相同的miRNA如何反馈调节细胞外环境。这种双向信号转导过程的最终目标是在细胞外应激状态下改变细胞行为，以便相应地做出反应。
