Shen Ruizhong, Smith Phillip D
Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014 Aug;72(2):219-27. doi: 10.1111/aji.12202. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
Resistance to HIV-1 infection in HIV-1-exposed sero-negative (HESN) persons offers a promising opportunity to identify mechanisms of 'natural' protection. Unique features of the mucosa in particular may contribute to this protection. Here, we highlight several key issues pertaining to the mucosal correlates of protection in HESN persons, including humoral immune responses, mechanisms of mucosal HIV-1 neutralization, immune cell activation, and role of the microbiota in mucosal responses. We also discuss mucosal model systems that can be used to investigate the mechanisms of resistance in HESN subjects. A clear understanding of the mucosal correlates of protection against HIV-1 in HESN persons will provide critical new insights for the development of effective vaccine and microbicide strategies for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.
在暴露于HIV-1但血清学阴性(HESN)的个体中,对HIV-1感染的抵抗力为识别“天然”保护机制提供了一个有前景的机会。特别是黏膜的独特特征可能有助于这种保护。在此,我们强调了与HESN个体中保护的黏膜相关因素有关的几个关键问题,包括体液免疫反应、黏膜HIV-1中和机制、免疫细胞活化以及微生物群在黏膜反应中的作用。我们还讨论了可用于研究HESN受试者抵抗机制的黏膜模型系统。清楚了解HESN个体中针对HIV-1保护的黏膜相关因素将为开发预防HIV-1传播的有效疫苗和杀微生物剂策略提供关键的新见解。