Hay Iain D, Wang Yajie, Moradali Mohammed F, Rehman Zahid U, Rehm Bernd H A
Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
Environ Microbiol. 2014 Oct;16(10):2997-3011. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12389. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
A vast range of extracellular polysaccharides are produced by bacteria in order to adapt to and thrive in diverse environmental niches. Many of these polymers have attracted great attention due to their implication in biofilm formation, capsule formation, virulence, or for their potential medical and industrial uses. One important exopolysaccharide, alginate, is produced by various Pseudomonas spp. and Azotobacter vinelandii. Alginate is of particular interest due to its role in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we will discuss the genetic organization and distribution of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of this significant polymer. The complex regulatory networks involved in the production of bacterial alginate will be reviewed, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational forms of regulation.
细菌会产生种类繁多的细胞外多糖，以便在各种不同的生态位中适应并茁壮成长。这些聚合物中的许多因其在生物膜形成、荚膜形成、毒力方面的作用，或者因其潜在的医学和工业用途而备受关注。一种重要的胞外多糖——藻酸盐，由多种假单胞菌属细菌和棕色固氮菌产生。藻酸盐因其在囊性纤维化患者铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染发病机制中的作用而特别受关注。在此，我们将讨论参与这种重要聚合物生物合成的基因的遗传组织和分布。我们还将综述细菌藻酸盐产生过程中涉及的复杂调控网络，包括转录、转录后和翻译后调控形式。
