Boyd A, Chakrabarty A M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine 60612, USA.
J Ind Microbiol. 1995 Sep;15(3):162-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01569821.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesizes an exopolysaccharide called alginate in response to environmental conditions. Alginate serves to protect the bacteria from adversity in its surroundings and also enhances adhesion to solid surfaces. Transcription of the alginate biosynthetic genes is induced upon attachment to the substratum and this leads to increased alginate production. As a result, biofilms develop which are advantageous to the survival and growth of the bacteria. In certain circumstances, P. aeruginosa produces an alginate lyase enzyme which cleaves the polymer into short oligosaccharides. This negates the anchoring properties of the alginate and results in increased detachment of the bacteria away from the surface, allowing them to spread and colonize new sites. Thus, both alginate biosynthetic and degradative enzymes are important for the development, maintenance and spread of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
铜绿假单胞菌会根据环境条件合成一种名为藻酸盐的胞外多糖。藻酸盐有助于保护细菌免受周围环境中的逆境影响，还能增强其对固体表面的黏附。藻酸盐生物合成基因的转录在细菌附着于基质时被诱导，这会导致藻酸盐产量增加。结果，生物膜得以形成，这对细菌的存活和生长有利。在某些情况下，铜绿假单胞菌会产生一种藻酸盐裂解酶，该酶将聚合物切割成短寡糖。这会消除藻酸盐的锚定特性，导致细菌从表面的脱离增加，使其能够扩散并定殖到新的位点。因此，藻酸盐生物合成酶和降解酶对于铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成、维持和扩散都很重要。
