MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014 Jan 17;63(1):1-33.
PROBLEM/CONDITION: An estimated 55,000 persons die annually in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 16 U.S. states for 2010. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics.
NVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, supplementary homicide reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). NVDRS data collection began in 2003 with seven states (Alaska, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, South Carolina, and Virginia) participating; six states (Colorado, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin) joined in 2004, four (California, Kentucky, New Mexico, and Utah) in 2005, and two in 2010 (Ohio and Michigan), for a total of 19 states. This report includes data from 16 states that collected statewide data in 2010; data from California are not included in this report because data were not collected after 2009. Ohio and Michigan were excluded because data collection, which began in 2010, did not occur statewide until 2011.
For 2010, a total of 15,781 fatal incidents involving 16,186 deaths were captured by NVDRS in the 16 states included in this report. The majority (62.8%) of deaths were suicides, followed by homicides and deaths involving legal intervention (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force, excluding legal executions) (24.4%), deaths of undetermined intent (12.2%), and unintentional firearm deaths (0.7%). Suicides occurred at higher rates among males, non-Hispanic whites, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and persons aged 45-54 years. Suicides most often occurred in a house or apartment and involved the use of firearms. Suicides were preceded primarily by a mental health or intimate partner problem, a crisis during the previous 2 weeks, or a physical health problem. Homicides occurred at higher rates among males and persons aged 20-24 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black males. The majority of homicides involved the use of a firearm and occurred in a house or apartment or on a street/highway. Homicides were precipitated primarily by arguments and interpersonal conflicts or in conjunction with another crime.
This report provides a detailed summary of data from NVDRS for 2010. The results indicate that violent deaths resulting from self-inflicted or interpersonal violence disproportionately affected persons aged <55 years, males, and certain minority populations. For homicides and suicides, relationship problems, interpersonal conflicts, mental health problems, and recent crises were among the primary precipitating factors. Because additional information might be reported subsequently as participating states update their findings, the data provided in this report are preliminary.
For the occurrence of violent deaths in the United States to be better understood and ultimately prevented, accurate, timely, and comprehensive surveillance data are necessary. NVDRS data can be used to monitor the occurrence of violence-related fatal injuries and assist public health authorities in the development, implementation, and evaluation of programs and policies to reduce and prevent violent deaths at the national, state, and local levels. NVDRS data have been used to enhance prevention programs. Examples include use of linked NVDRS data and adult protective service data to better target elder maltreatment prevention programs and improve staff training to identify violent death risks for older adults in North Carolina, use of Oklahoma VDRS homicide data to help evaluate the effectiveness of a new police and advocate intervention at domestic violence incident scenes, and data-informed changes in primary care practice in Oregon to more effectively address older adult suicide prevention. The continued development and expansion of NVDRS is essential to CDC's efforts to reduce the personal, familial, and societal impacts of violence. Further efforts are needed to increase the number of states participating in NVDRS, with an ultimate goal of full national representation.
问题/状况：在美国，每年约有 55000 人死于与暴力相关的伤害。本报告总结了来自疾病预防控制中心国家暴力死亡报告系统（NVDRS）的有关 2010 年美国 16 个州的暴力死亡数据。结果按照性别、年龄组、种族/民族、婚姻状况、受伤地点、受伤方式、受伤情况和其他选定特征进行了报告。
2010 年。
NVDRS 从死亡证明、验尸官/法医报告、执法报告和次要来源（例如，儿童死亡审查小组数据、补充杀人报告、医院数据和犯罪实验室数据）中收集有关暴力死亡的数据。NVDRS 数据收集始于 2003 年，当时有七个州（阿拉斯加、马里兰州、马萨诸塞州、新泽西州、俄勒冈州、南卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州）参与；六个州（科罗拉多州、佐治亚州、北卡罗来纳州、俄克拉荷马州、罗得岛州和威斯康星州）于 2004 年加入，四个州（加利福尼亚州、肯塔基州、新墨西哥州和犹他州）于 2005 年加入，两个州（俄亥俄州和密歇根州）于 2010 年加入，共有 19 个州。本报告包括 2010 年收集全州数据的 16 个州的数据；由于 2009 年后未收集数据，加利福尼亚州的数据未包含在本报告中。俄亥俄州和密歇根州被排除在外，因为数据收集于 2010 年开始，但直到 2011 年才在全州范围内进行。
2010 年，NVDRS 在本报告涵盖的 16 个州共捕获了 15781 起涉及 16186 人死亡的致命事件。大多数（62.8%）死亡是自杀，其次是凶杀和涉及合法干预的死亡（即，执法人员和其他具有合法使用致命武力的人员造成的死亡，不包括合法处决）（24.4%）、意图不明的死亡（12.2%）和非故意的枪支死亡（0.7%）。自杀在男性、非西班牙裔白人、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民和 45-54 岁人群中的发生率较高。自杀大多发生在房屋或公寓内，涉及使用枪支。自杀主要是由心理健康或亲密伴侣问题、前两周的危机或身体健康问题引发的。凶杀在男性和 20-24 岁人群中的发生率较高；非西班牙裔黑人男性的比率最高。大多数凶杀案涉及使用枪支，发生在房屋或公寓或街道/高速公路上。凶杀案主要由争吵和人际冲突或与另一项犯罪同时发生引起。
本报告详细总结了 NVDRS 2010 年的数据。结果表明，由自我伤害或人际暴力导致的暴力死亡 disproportionately 影响了<55 岁的人群、男性和某些少数族裔群体。对于凶杀和自杀，关系问题、人际冲突、心理健康问题和最近的危机是主要的促成因素。由于随着参与州更新其调查结果，可能会随后报告更多信息，因此本报告提供的数据是初步的。
要更好地了解和最终预防美国的暴力死亡事件，需要准确、及时和全面的监测数据。NVDRS 数据可用于监测与暴力相关的致命伤害的发生情况，并协助公共卫生当局在国家、州和地方各级制定、实施和评估减少和预防暴力死亡的计划和政策。NVDRS 数据已被用于加强预防计划。例如，使用链接的 NVDRS 数据和成人保护服务数据，更好地针对老年人虐待预防计划，并改进工作人员培训，以识别北卡罗来纳州老年人暴力死亡风险；使用俄克拉荷马州 VDRS 凶杀数据，帮助评估在家庭暴力事件现场新的警察和倡导干预措施的有效性；以及根据俄勒冈州的老年人自杀预防信息改变初级保健实践。继续开发和扩大 NVDRS 对于疾病预防控制中心减少暴力对个人、家庭和社会的影响的努力至关重要。需要进一步努力增加参与 NVDRS 的州的数量，最终目标是实现全国范围的代表。
