Senior Epidemiologist, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Health Protection Scotland, UK.
Scott Med J. 2014 Feb;59(1):3-4. doi: 10.1177/0036933013518144. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
In 2013, Wales and England experienced large outbreaks of measles, a disease that has been targeted by the World Health Organisation for European elimination by 2015. Unfortunately, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine uptake declined to less than 80% in Wales and England after the Wakefield publicity and this resulted in increased population susceptibility to measles. In Scotland, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine uptake dropped to 87% in 2003. Scottish public health efforts in response to this decline aimed to maximise uptake of MMR1 by two years; ensure at least 95% uptake of one dose of measles-mumps-rubella before starting school at age five; and maximise uptake of the second dose of measles-mumps-rubella by age six. Although Scotland has not had any large outbreaks reported to date, transmission of measles from healthcare workers to patients has occurred and reiterates the importance of all healthcare workers accurately knowing their immune status and, when needed, to be fully immunised.
2013 年,威尔士和英格兰爆发了大规模麻疹疫情,世界卫生组织曾将该病列为 2015 年在欧洲消除的目标。不幸的是,在韦克菲尔德事件曝光后,威尔士和英格兰的麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗接种率下降到不足 80%,这导致人群对麻疹的易感性增加。2003 年,苏格兰的麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗接种率下降到 87%。苏格兰为应对这一下降而采取的公共卫生措施旨在将 MMR1 的接种率提高两年;确保至少 95%的五岁开始上学的儿童接种一剂麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗;并将 6 岁儿童麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗的第二剂接种率提高到最高。尽管苏格兰迄今尚未报告任何大规模疫情,但已发生医护人员将麻疹传染给患者的情况,这再次强调所有医护人员准确了解其免疫状况的重要性,必要时应全面接种疫苗。