Microbiota regulation of inflammatory bowel disease.

The intestines harbor over trillions of commensal bacteria, which co-evolve and form a mutualistic relationship with the host, with microbial-host interaction shaping immune adaption and bacterial communities. The intestinal microbiota not only benefits the host and contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, but also causes chronic intestinal inflammation under certain conditions. Thus, understanding the microbiota regulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will provide great insights into the pathogenesis of IBD as well as potential therapeutics for IBD patients.