Peric M, Cavar M, Zenic N, Sekulic D, Sajber D
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014 Feb;54(1):16-26.
This study examined the applicability of sport-specific fitness tests (SSTs), anthropometrics, and respiratory parameters in predicting competitive results among pubescent synchronized swimmers.
A total of 25 synchronized swimmers (16-17 years; 166.2 ± 5.4 cm; and 58.4 ± 4.3 kg) volunteered for this study. The independent variables were body mass, body height, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), lean body mass percentage, respiratory variables, and four SSTs (two specific power tests plus one aerobic- and one anaerobic-endurance test). The dependent variable was competitive achievement in the solo figure competition. The reliability analyses, Pearson's correlation coefficient and forward stepwise regression were calculated.
The SSTs were reliable for testing fitness status among pubescent synchronized swimmers. The forward stepwise regression retained two SSTs, BF% and forced vital capacity (FVC, relative for age and stature) in a set of predictors of competitive achievement. Significant Beta coefficients are found for aerobic-endurance, SST and FVC.
The sport-specific measure of aerobic endurance and FVC appropriately predicted competitive achievement with regard to the figures used in the competition when competitive results (the dependent variable) were obtained. Athletes and coaches should be aware of the probable negative influence of very low body fat levels on competitive achievement.
本研究检验了特定运动体能测试（SSTs）、人体测量学指标和呼吸参数在预测青春期花样游泳运动员比赛成绩方面的适用性。
共有25名花样游泳运动员（年龄16 - 17岁；身高166.2±5.4厘米；体重58.4±4.3千克）自愿参与本研究。自变量包括体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比（BF%）、瘦体重百分比、呼吸变量以及四项特定运动体能测试（两项特定功率测试加上一项有氧耐力测试和一项无氧耐力测试）。因变量是单人花样比赛中的竞技成绩。计算了可靠性分析、皮尔逊相关系数和向前逐步回归。
特定运动体能测试对于检测青春期花样游泳运动员的体能状况是可靠的。向前逐步回归在一组竞技成绩预测指标中保留了两项特定运动体能测试、体脂百分比和用力肺活量（FVC，相对于年龄和身高）。有氧耐力、特定运动体能测试和用力肺活量的β系数显著。
当获得竞技成绩（因变量）时，有氧耐力和用力肺活量的特定运动测量方法能够适当地预测比赛中花样动作的竞技成绩。运动员和教练应该意识到极低体脂水平对竞技成绩可能产生的负面影响。
