Kessler Yoav, Oberauer Klaus
Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
Department of Psychology-Cognitive Psychology, University of Zurich.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014 May;40(3):738-54. doi: 10.1037/a0035545. Epub 2014 Jan 20.
Updating and maintenance of information are 2 conflicting demands on working memory (WM). We examined the time required to update WM (updating latency) as a function of the sequence of updated and not-updated items within a list. Participants held a list of items in WM and updated a variable subset of them in each trial. Four experiments that vary the number of to-be-updated and to-be-maintained items, as well as their positions in the list, are reported. The pattern of latencies was best explained by a model assuming forward scanning of the list, updating modified items, and maintaining nonmodified items. Switching between updating and maintenance incurred a response time cost, which increased with overall set-size. The formation of new item-position associations accounted for an additional response time component. The finding of an update-switch cost provides novel behavioral support for a class of physiologically inspired computational models, in which updating and maintenance require 2 different states of WM.
信息更新与维护对工作记忆（WM）提出了两个相互冲突的要求。我们研究了更新工作记忆所需的时间（更新潜伏期），它是列表中已更新和未更新项目序列的函数。参与者在工作记忆中持有一个项目列表，并在每次试验中更新其中一个可变子集。本文报告了四项实验，这些实验改变了待更新和待维护项目的数量及其在列表中的位置。潜伏期模式最好由一个假设对列表进行正向扫描、更新修改项并维护未修改项的模型来解释。在更新和维护之间切换会产生响应时间成本，该成本会随着总体集大小的增加而增加。新的项目-位置关联的形成构成了额外的响应时间成分。更新-切换成本的发现为一类受生理启发的计算模型提供了新的行为支持，在这类模型中，更新和维护需要工作记忆的两种不同状态。
