Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama.
Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):413-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1244812.
Animal displays are often perceived by intended and unintended receivers in more than one sensory system. In addition, cues that are an incidental consequence of signal production can also be perceived by different receivers, even when the receivers use different sensory systems to perceive them. Here we show that the vocal responses of male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) increase twofold when call-induced water ripples are added to the acoustic component of a rival's call. Hunting bats (Trachops cirrhosus) can echolocate this signal by-product and prefer to attack model frogs when ripples are added to the acoustic component of the call. This study illustrates how the perception of a signal by-product by intended and unintended receivers through different sensory systems generates both costs and benefits for the signaler.
动物展示通常会被有意和无意的接收者通过不止一种感觉系统感知。此外，即使接收者使用不同的感觉系统来感知信号产生的附带线索，这些附带线索也可以被不同的接收者感知。在这里，我们表明，当雄性囊蛙（Physalaemus pustulosus）的叫声伴随着竞争叫声的水声涟漪时，它们的叫声反应会增加两倍。猎蝠（Trachops cirrhosus）可以通过回声定位来探测这个信号副产物，并在叫声的声学成分中加入涟漪时更喜欢攻击模型青蛙。这项研究说明了信号副产物如何通过不同的感觉系统被有意和无意的接收者感知，从而为信号发送者带来成本和收益。
