Astratenkova I V, Rogozkin V A
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2013 Jun;99(6):657-73.
Enzyme AMPK is a part of the family of serine/threonine specific protein kinases. AMPK plays important role in the transfer extracellular signals through phosphorylation of multiple substrates in different metabolic reactions of skeletal muscles. AMPK is geterotrimetric complex, consisting of the catalytic subunit (AMPKalpha) and two regulatory subunits (AMPKbeta and AMPKgamma), which are encoded by seven different high-homologous genes (alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, gamma3). AMPK regulates skeletal muscle metabolism through phosphorylation of various enzymes such as carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, as well as factors of transcription and initiation. The AMPK expression occurs in response to a changing metabolic requests muscle cells and it leads to increased energy metabolism. The data of recent studies suggest the important role of AMPK in the regulation of intracellular metabolism and point to the need to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression in skeletal muscle.
酶AMPK是丝氨酸/苏氨酸特异性蛋白激酶家族的一部分。AMPK在骨骼肌不同代谢反应中通过多个底物的磷酸化在传递细胞外信号方面发挥重要作用。AMPK是一种异源三聚体复合物，由催化亚基（AMPKα）和两个调节亚基（AMPKβ和AMPKγ）组成，它们由七个不同的高度同源基因（α1、α2、β1、β2、γ1、γ2、γ3）编码。AMPK通过对各种酶（如碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质代谢酶）以及转录和起始因子的磷酸化来调节骨骼肌代谢。AMPK的表达是对肌肉细胞代谢需求变化的响应，它会导致能量代谢增加。最近的研究数据表明AMPK在细胞内代谢调节中具有重要作用，并指出需要研究参与骨骼肌基因表达调节的分子机制。
