Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, 1210 Luxembourg.
Service d'Évaluation et de Rééducation Fonctionnelle, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, 1210 Luxembourg.
Early Hum Dev. 2014 Mar;90(3):125-9. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.12.011. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
To evaluate the effect of early oral stimulation before the introduction of oral feeding, over the duration of concomitant tube feeding ("transition period"), the length of hospital stay and the breastfeeding rates upon discharge in preterm infants.
Preterm infants born between 26 and 33 weeks gestational age (n=86), were randomized into an intervention and control group. Infants in the intervention group received an oral stimulation program consisting in stimulation of the oral structures for 15 min at least for 10 days, before introduction of oral feeding. Oral feeding was introduced at 34 weeks GA in both groups.
Breastfeeding rates upon discharge were significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group (70% versus 45.6%, p=0.02). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the length of the transition period or the length of the hospital stay. The need for prolonged CPAP support (HR=0.937, p=0.030) and small size for gestational age at birth (HR=0.338, p=0.016) were shown to be risk factors for a prolonged transition period.
A pre-feeding oral stimulation program improves breastfeeding rates in preterm infants. The study results suggest that oral stimulation, as used in our specific population, does not shorten the transition period to full oral feeding neither the length of hospital stay.
评估在开始经口喂养之前进行早期口腔刺激（在管饲“过渡期”期间）对早产儿的住院时间和出院时母乳喂养率的影响。
将 26 至 33 周胎龄（n=86）的早产儿随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组的婴儿接受口腔刺激方案，即在开始经口喂养前至少 10 天，每天至少进行 15 分钟的口腔结构刺激。两组均在 34 周 GA 时开始经口喂养。
干预组的出院时母乳喂养率显著高于对照组（70%比 45.6%，p=0.02）。两组在过渡期或住院时间方面无统计学差异。需要延长 CPAP 支持（HR=0.937，p=0.030）和出生时胎龄小（HR=0.338，p=0.016）是过渡期延长的危险因素。
预喂食口腔刺激方案可提高早产儿的母乳喂养率。研究结果表明，在我们特定人群中使用的口腔刺激不会缩短完全经口喂养的过渡期，也不会缩短住院时间。
