Physical Education Office, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 21;9(1):e85578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085578. eCollection 2014.
Continuous force output containing numerous intermittent force pulses is not completely smooth. By characterizing force fluctuation properties and force pulse metrics, this study investigated adaptive changes in trajectory control, both force-generating capacity and force fluctuations, as fatigue progresses. Sixteen healthy subjects (20-24 years old) completed rhythmic isometric gripping with the non-dominant hand to volitional failure. Before and immediately following the fatigue intervention, we measured the gripping force to couple a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal target in the range of 50-100% maximal voluntary contraction. Dynamic force output was off-line decomposed into 1) an ideal force trajectory spectrally identical to the target rate; and 2) a force pulse trace pertaining to force fluctuations and error-correction attempts. The amplitude of ideal force trajectory regarding to force-generating capacity was more suppressed than that of the force pulse trace with increasing fatigue, which also shifted the force pulse trace to lower frequency bands. Multi-scale entropy analysis revealed that the complexity of the force pulse trace at high time scales increased with fatigue, contrary to the decrease in complexity of the force pulse trace at low time scales. Statistical properties of individual force pulses in the spatial and temporal domains varied with muscular fatigue, concurrent with marked suppression of gamma muscular oscillations (40-60 Hz) in the post-fatigue test. In conclusion, this study first reveals that muscular fatigue impairs the amplitude modulation of force pattern generation more than it affects the amplitude responsiveness of fine-tuning a force trajectory. Besides, motor fatigue results disadvantageously in enhancement of motor noises, simplification of short-term force-tuning strategy, and slow responsiveness to force errors, pertaining to dimensional changes in force fluctuations, scaling properties of force pulse, and muscular oscillation.
连续的力输出包含许多间歇性的力脉冲,并不完全平滑。本研究通过描述力波动特性和力脉冲指标,研究了轨迹控制的适应性变化,包括产生力的能力和力波动,随着疲劳的进展。16 名健康受试者(20-24 岁)用非优势手完成节律性等长握力,直至自愿失败。在疲劳干预之前和之后,我们测量了握力,以耦合 0.5 Hz 正弦目标,范围为 50-100%最大自主收缩。动态力输出离线分解为 1)与目标速率谱相同的理想力轨迹;2)与力波动和误差校正尝试有关的力脉冲迹线。随着疲劳的增加,关于产生力的能力的理想力轨迹的幅度比力脉冲迹线的幅度受到更大的抑制,这也将力脉冲迹线转移到较低的频带。多尺度熵分析表明,随着疲劳的增加,力脉冲迹线在高时间尺度上的复杂性增加,而在低时间尺度上的力脉冲迹线的复杂性降低。个体力脉冲在时空域的统计特性随肌肉疲劳而变化,同时在疲劳后测试中,伽马肌肉振荡(40-60 Hz)明显受到抑制。总之,本研究首次揭示了肌肉疲劳对力模式产生的幅度调制的影响大于对精细调整力轨迹的幅度响应的影响。此外,运动疲劳不利地导致运动噪声增强、短期力调谐策略简化以及对力误差的响应缓慢,这与力波动的幅度变化、力脉冲的标度特性和肌肉振荡有关。