Kovalenko N A, Zhdanov D D, Kovalenko T F
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2013 Jul-Aug;47(4):544-57. doi: 10.7868/s0026898413040071.
In this review we briefly describe recent knowledge of telomerase (predominately human telomerase) activity regulation mechanisms. We also point telomerase complex components localization in cells and discuss the enzyme activities that are independent of telomere elongation. The paper includes the overview of human diseases correlating with reduced telomerase activity, short telomeres and rapid telomeres shortening. We describe in details the possibilities of exogenous hTERTgene transcription activation by different natural and synthetic compounds as well as hTERTgene transfection effects. Such exogenous activation cause increasing proliferative potential of the cells and might be used in cell therapy. It must be noticed that elevated hTERT gene expression, especially in the case of hTERTgene transfection, might be the cause of cell malignesation. In this regard strict constraining criteria in medical application of different methods of telomerase activation must be developed.
在本综述中，我们简要描述了端粒酶（主要是人类端粒酶）活性调控机制的最新知识。我们还指出了端粒酶复合体成分在细胞中的定位，并讨论了与端粒延长无关的酶活性。本文概述了与端粒酶活性降低、端粒缩短和端粒快速缩短相关的人类疾病。我们详细描述了不同天然和合成化合物对外源hTERT基因转录激活的可能性以及hTERT基因转染的效果。这种外源激活会导致细胞增殖潜能增加，并可能用于细胞治疗。必须注意的是，hTERT基因表达升高，尤其是在hTERT基因转染的情况下，可能是细胞恶性转化的原因。在这方面，必须制定在医学应用中不同端粒酶激活方法的严格限制标准。
