Shoeibi Ali, Etemadi Mohammdmahdi, Moghaddam Ahmadi Amir, Amini Mona, Boostani Reza
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Professor of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2013 Mar;16(3):202-7.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 belong to the Oncorna group of retroviridae, a large family of viruses, grouped initially by pathogenic features, but later revised on the basis of genome structure and nucleotide sequence. HTLV-I was the first discovered human retrovirus to be associated with a malignancy in 1980. The malignancy, first described by Uchiyama and co-workers in southwestern Japan, was named Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) and characterized with cutaneous and respiratory involvement, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and various metabolic abnormalities such as hypercalcemia. The HTLV-I has been known to be endemic to certain parts of Iran like the province of Khorasan in the northeast since 1990, with a 2.3% prevalence rate of infection. The main manifestations of HTLV-I infection are neurologic and hematologic (such as ATL) disorders, but it has also other manifestations such as uveitis, arthritis, dermatitis, vitiligo and lymphocytic alveolitis. Its main neurologic manifestation is a chronic progressive myelopathy that is referred to HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy (HAM) in Japan and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP) in Caribbean. But other disorders such as peripheral neuropathy, polyradiculoneuropathy, myopathy, peripheral facial paresis, and so on have been reported too. In this review we wish to give some brief information on the different aspects (including epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, clinical findings, and treatment) of HTLV-I infection according to our twenty-year researches. The department of neurology of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences has been a pioneer in researches on HTLV-I in the last twenty years.
人类嗜T细胞病毒1型和2型属于逆转录病毒科的肿瘤病毒亚科，这是一个庞大的病毒家族，最初根据致病特征进行分类，但后来根据基因组结构和核苷酸序列进行了修订。1980年，人类嗜T细胞病毒1型（HTLV-I）是首个被发现与恶性肿瘤相关的人类逆转录病毒。这种恶性肿瘤最早由内山及其同事在日本西南部描述，被命名为成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤（ATL），其特征包括皮肤和呼吸道受累、肝脾肿大、淋巴结病以及各种代谢异常，如高钙血症。自1990年以来，已知HTLV-I在伊朗的某些地区呈地方流行，如东北部的霍拉桑省，感染率为2.3%。HTLV-I感染的主要表现为神经和血液系统（如ATL）疾病，但也有其他表现，如葡萄膜炎、关节炎、皮炎、白癜风和淋巴细胞性肺泡炎。其主要神经表现是一种慢性进行性脊髓病，在日本被称为HTLV-I相关脊髓病（HAM）在加勒比地区被称为热带痉挛性截瘫（TSP）。但也有其他疾病的报道，如周围神经病、多神经根神经病、肌病、周围性面瘫等。在这篇综述中，我们希望根据我们二十年的研究，提供一些关于HTLV-I感染不同方面（包括流行病学、发病机制和病理学、临床发现和治疗）的简要信息。在过去二十年里，马什哈德医科大学神经病学系一直是HTLV-I研究的先驱。
