Dimitrov Dimitar, Zehtindjiev Pavel, Bensch Staffan, Ilieva Mihaela, Iezhova Tatjana, Valkiūnas Gediminas
Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius 21, Lithuania,
Syst Parasitol. 2014 Feb;87(2):135-51. doi: 10.1007/s11230-013-9464-1. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Two new species of Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890 (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) are described: Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) homovelans n. sp. from Grey-faced Woodpecker, Picus canus Gmelin, and Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) concavocentralis n. sp. recorded in Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus), both sampled in Bulgaria. The morphology of the gametocytes and their host-cells are described and mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequences are generated. Haemoproteus homovelans possesses circumnuclear gametocytes lacking volutin granules. This parasite is particularly similar to Haemoproteus velans Coatney & Roudabush, 1937 also possessing circumnuclear gametocytes that are, however, overfilled with volutin. Haemoproteus concavocentralis can be readily distinguished from all described avian haemoproteids due to the presence of an unfilled concave space between the central part of advanced gametocytes and erythrocyte nucleus. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of 40 haemosporidian cyt b lineages showed close relationships of H. concavocentralis (hHAWF2) with a group of Haemoproteus spp. possessing gametocytes that are pale-stained with Giemsa. The lineage hPICAN02 of H. homovelans clustered with parasites infecting non-passerine birds. Phylogenetic analyses support the current subgeneric classification of the avian haemoproteids and suggest that cyt b lineage hPIPUB01 (GenBank EU254552) has been incorrectly assigned to Haemoproteus picae Coatney & Roudabush, 1937, a common parasite of corvid birds (Passeriformes). This study emphasises the importance of combining molecular techniques and light microscopy in the identification and field studies of avian haemosporidian parasites. Future development of barcodes for molecular identification of haemoproteids will allow better diagnostics of these infections, particularly in veterinary studies addressing insufficiently investigated tissue pathology caused by these parasites.
本文描述了1890年克鲁斯（Kruse）首次发现的血变原虫属（Haemoproteus）的两个新物种：来自灰脸啄木鸟（Picus canus Gmelin）的同游动血变原虫（Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) homovelans n. sp.）和在蜡嘴雀（Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus)）中发现的凹中央血变原虫（Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) concavocentralis n. sp.），样本均采自保加利亚。文中描述了配子体及其宿主细胞的形态，并生成了线粒体细胞色素b（cyt b）基因序列。同游动血变原虫的配子体呈核周型，缺乏异染粒。该寄生虫与1937年科特尼（Coatney）和劳达布什（Roudabush）发现的游动血变原虫（Haemoproteus velans）特别相似，后者同样具有核周型配子体，但充满了异染粒。凹中央血变原虫很容易与所有已描述的鸟类血变原虫区分开来，因为在成熟配子体的中央部分和红细胞核之间存在一个未填充的凹形空间。对40个血孢子虫 cyt b 谱系的贝叶斯系统发育分析表明，凹中央血变原虫（hHAWF2）与一组用吉姆萨染色后呈淡色的血变原虫属物种关系密切。同游动血变原虫的谱系hPICAN02与感染非雀形目鸟类的寄生虫聚集在一起。系统发育分析支持目前对鸟类血变原虫的亚属分类，并表明 cyt b 谱系hPIPUB01（GenBank EU254552）被错误地归为1937年发现的喜鹊血变原虫（Haemoproteus picae Coatney & Roudabush），它是鸦科鸟类（雀形目）的常见寄生虫。本研究强调了在鸟类血孢子虫寄生虫的鉴定和野外研究中结合分子技术和光学显微镜的重要性。未来开发用于血变原虫分子鉴定的条形码将有助于更好地诊断这些感染，特别是在兽医研究中，以解决由这些寄生虫引起的研究不足的组织病理学问题。
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