Maher Monica E, Hutchison Michael, Cusimano Michael, Comper Paul, Schweizer Tom A
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada .
Brain Inj. 2014;28(3):271-85. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.865269. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Soccer is currently the most popular and fastest-growing sport worldwide. Similar to many sports, soccer carries an inherent risk of injury, including concussion. Soccer is also unique in the use of 'heading'. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of the research examining the incidence, mechanisms, biomarkers of injury and neurocognitive outcomes of concussions and heading in soccer.
Seven databases were searched for articles from 1806 to 24 May 2013. Articles obtained by the electronic search were reviewed for relevance, with 229 selected for review. Ultimately, 49 articles met criteria for inclusion in the present review.
Female soccer players have a higher incidence of concussions than males. The most frequent injury mechanism is player-to-player contact for both genders. Few studies examined the effects of concussion in soccer players; however, neurocognitive outcomes were similar to those reported in the larger sport concussion literature, while the effect of heading is less clear.
Despite variation in research designs and study characteristics, the outcomes of concussions in soccer align with the greater concussion literature. This review makes recommendations for future research to increase standardization of research for improved understanding of concussions in soccer as well as the effects of heading.
足球是目前全球最受欢迎且发展最快的运动。与许多运动一样，足球存在包括脑震荡在内的固有受伤风险。足球在“头球”的运用方面也独具特色。本文对有关足球运动中脑震荡和头球的发生率、机制、损伤生物标志物以及神经认知结果的研究进行了全面综述。
检索了七个数据库，查找1806年至2013年5月24日期间的文章。对通过电子检索获得的文章进行相关性审查，筛选出229篇进行评审。最终，49篇文章符合纳入本综述的标准。
女子足球运动员脑震荡的发生率高于男子。男女最常见的受伤机制都是球员之间的接触。很少有研究考察足球运动员脑震荡的影响；然而，神经认知结果与大型运动脑震荡文献中报道的结果相似，而头球的影响则不太明确。
尽管研究设计和研究特点存在差异，但足球运动中脑震荡的结果与更广泛的脑震荡文献一致。本综述为未来研究提出了建议，以提高研究的标准化程度，从而更好地理解足球运动中的脑震荡以及头球的影响。
