Lin Yuan, Abaid Nicole
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2013 Dec;88(6):062724. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.062724. Epub 2013 Dec 30.
We establish an agent-based model to study the impact of prey behavior on the hunting success of predators. The predators and prey are modeled as self-propelled particles moving in a three-dimensional domain and subject to specific sensing abilities and behavioral rules inspired by bat hunting. The predators randomly search for prey. The prey either align velocity directions with peers, defined as "interacting" prey, or swarm "independently" of peer presence; both types of prey are subject to additive noise. In a simulation study, we find that interacting prey using low noise have the maximum predation avoidance because they form localized large groups, while they suffer high predation as noise increases due to the formation of broadly dispersed small groups. Independent prey, which are likely to be uniformly distributed in the domain, have higher predation risk under a low noise regime as they traverse larger spatial extents. These effects are enhanced in large prey populations, which exhibit more ordered collective behavior or more uniform spatial distribution as they are interacting or independent, respectively.
我们建立了一个基于主体的模型来研究猎物行为对捕食者狩猎成功率的影响。捕食者和猎物被建模为在三维空间中移动的自驱动粒子,并受到受蝙蝠狩猎启发的特定感知能力和行为规则的约束。捕食者随机搜索猎物。猎物要么将速度方向与同伴对齐,定义为“相互作用”的猎物,要么“独立”于同伴的存在而聚集;这两种类型的猎物都受到加性噪声的影响。在一项模拟研究中,我们发现使用低噪声的相互作用猎物具有最大的捕食规避能力,因为它们形成局部大群体,而随着噪声增加,由于形成广泛分散的小群体,它们遭受的捕食率很高。独立猎物可能在区域内均匀分布,在低噪声状态下具有较高的捕食风险,因为它们穿越更大的空间范围。在大型猎物种群中,这些影响会增强,当它们分别相互作用或独立时,会表现出更有序的集体行为或更均匀的空间分布。