University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Helmholtz Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014 Feb;40:108-18. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.011. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are related to cognitive decline and dementia, in a complex interplay with vascular factors and aging. We investigated, in an older population, low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in relation to detailed assessment of cognitive functioning. Furthermore, we explored this association within the context of vascular factors. 377 participants (73 ± 6 years) of the population-based Hoorn Study were included. In plasma samples of 2000-2001 (n=363) and/or 2005-2008 (n=323), biomarkers were determined of low-grade inflammation (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, SAA, MPO, and sICAM-1) and endothelial dysfunction (vWF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sTM, sE-selectin). In 2005-2008, all participants underwent neuropsychological examination. Composite z-scores were computed for low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction at both time points, and for six domains of cognitive functioning (abstract reasoning, memory, information processing speed, attention and executive functioning, visuoconstruction, and language). The association between low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and cognitive functioning was evaluated with linear regression analysis. In secondary analyses, we explored the relation with vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were associated with worse performance on information processing speed and attention and executive functioning, in prospective and cross-sectional analyses (standardized betas ranging from -0.20 to -0.10). No significant relation with other cognitive domains was observed. Adjusting for vascular factors slightly attenuated the associations. Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction accounted for only 2.6% explained variance in cognitive functioning, on top of related vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Bootstrapping analyses show that low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction mediate the relation between vascular risk factors and cognitive functioning. This study shows that low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction contribute to reduced information processing speed and executive functioning in an older population.
低度炎症和内皮功能障碍与认知能力下降和痴呆有关，它们与血管因素和衰老之间存在复杂的相互作用。我们在一个老年人群中研究了低度炎症和内皮功能障碍与认知功能详细评估之间的关系。此外，我们在血管因素的背景下探讨了这种关联。 377 名（73±6 岁）来自基于人群的霍恩研究的参与者被纳入研究。在 2000-2001 年（n=363）和/或 2005-2008 年（n=323）的血浆样本中，测定了低度炎症（CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、SAA、MPO 和 sICAM-1）和内皮功能障碍（vWF、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、sTM、sE-选择素）的生物标志物。在 2005-2008 年，所有参与者都接受了神经心理学检查。在两个时间点计算了低度炎症和内皮功能障碍以及认知功能的六个领域（抽象推理、记忆、信息处理速度、注意力和执行功能、视觉构建和语言）的综合 z 评分。使用线性回归分析评估低度炎症和内皮功能障碍与认知功能之间的关系。在二次分析中，我们探讨了与血管危险因素和心血管疾病的关系。低度炎症和内皮功能障碍与信息处理速度和注意力以及执行功能的表现较差相关，无论是前瞻性还是横断面分析（标准化β值范围从-0.20 到-0.10）。没有观察到与其他认知领域的显著关系。调整血管因素后，关联略有减弱。低度炎症和内皮功能障碍仅占认知功能相关血管危险因素和心血管疾病的 2.6%。 bootstrap 分析表明，低度炎症和内皮功能障碍介导了血管危险因素与认知功能之间的关系。这项研究表明，在老年人群中，低度炎症和内皮功能障碍导致信息处理速度和执行功能下降。
