Lecoq H, Wipf-Scheibel C, Nozeran K, Millot P, Desbiez C
INRA, UR407 Station de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS 60094, F-84143 Montfavet Cedex, France.
INRA, UR407 Station de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS 60094, F-84143 Montfavet Cedex, France.
Virus Res. 2014 Jun 24;186:135-43. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.01.020. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, genus Potyvirus) causes important crop losses in cucurbits worldwide. In France, ZYMV epidemics are sporadic but occasionally very severe. This contrasts with Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, genus Potyvirus) which causes regular and early epidemics. Factors influencing ZYMV epidemiology are still poorly understood. In order to gain new insights on the ecology and epidemiology of this virus, a 5-year multilocation trial was conducted in which ZYMV spread and populations were studied in each of the 20 plot/year combinations and compared with WMV. Search for ZYMV alternative hosts was conducted by testing weeds growing naturally around one plot and also by checking ZYMV natural infections in selected ornamental species. Although similar ZYMV populations were observed occasionally in the same plot in two successive years suggesting the occurrence of overwintering hosts nearby, only two Lamium amplexicaule plants were found to be infected by ZYMV of 3459 weed samples that were tested. The scarcity of ZYMV reservoirs contrasts with the frequent detection of WMV in the same samples. Since ZYMV and WMV have many aphid vectors in common and are transmitted with similar efficiencies, the differences observed in ZYMV and WMV reservoir abundances could be a major explanatory factor for the differences observed in the typology of ZYMV and WMV epidemics in France. Other potential ZYMV alternative hosts have been identified in ornamental species including begonia. Although possible in a few cases, exchanges of populations between different plots located from 500 m to 4 km apart seem uncommon. Therefore, the potential dissemination range of ZYMV by its aphid vectors seems to be rather limited in a fragmented landscape.
西葫芦黄花叶病毒（ZYMV，马铃薯Y病毒属）在全球范围内给葫芦科作物造成了重大损失。在法国，ZYMV疫情是零星发生的，但偶尔会非常严重。这与西瓜花叶病毒（WMV，马铃薯Y病毒属）形成对比，后者会引发定期且早期的疫情。影响ZYMV流行病学的因素仍知之甚少。为了对这种病毒的生态学和流行病学有新的认识，我们进行了一项为期5年的多点试验，在20个地块/年的组合中分别研究了ZYMV的传播和种群情况，并与WMV进行了比较。通过检测一块地周围自然生长的杂草以及检查选定观赏植物中的ZYMV自然感染情况来寻找ZYMV的替代宿主。尽管连续两年在同一块地中偶尔观察到相似的ZYMV种群，这表明附近存在越冬宿主，但在检测的3459份杂草样本中，仅发现了两株被ZYMV感染的野芝麻。ZYMV宿主库的稀缺与在相同样本中频繁检测到WMV形成了对比。由于ZYMV和WMV有许多共同的蚜虫传播媒介，且传播效率相似，在法国观察到的ZYMV和WMV宿主库丰度差异可能是ZYMV和WMV疫情类型差异的一个主要解释因素。在包括秋海棠在内的观赏植物中还发现了其他潜在的ZYMV替代宿主。尽管在少数情况下可能发生，但相距500米至4公里的不同地块之间的种群交换似乎并不常见。因此，在破碎化景观中，ZYMV通过其蚜虫传播媒介的潜在传播范围似乎相当有限。
