Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia,
Environ Manage. 2014 Oct;54(4):671-84. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0244-8. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
A habitat transition model, based on the correlation between individual habitats and micro-elevation intervals, showed substantial changes in the future spatial distributions of coastal habitats. The research was performed within two protected areas in Slovenia: Sečovlje Salina Nature Park and Škocjan Inlet Nature Reserve. Shifts between habitats will occur, but a general decline of 42 % for all Natura 2000 habitats is projected by 2060, according to local or global (IPCC AR4) sea level rise predictions. Three different countermeasures for the long-term conservation of targeted habitat types were proposed. The most "natural" is displacement of coastal habitats using buffer zones (1) were available. Another solution is construction of artificial islets, made of locally dredged material (2); a feasible solution in both protected areas. Twenty-two islets and a dried salt pan zone at the desired elevations suitable for those habitats that have been projected to decease in area would offer an additional 10 ha in the Sečovlje Salina. Twenty-one islets and two peninsulas at two different micro-altitudes would ensure the survival of 13 ha of three different habitats. In the area of Sečovlje Salina, abandoned salt pans could be terrestrialized by using permanent, artificial sea barriers, in a manner close to poldering (3). By using this countermeasure, another 32 ha of targeted habitat could be preserved. It can be concluded that, for each coastal area, where wetland habitats will shrink, strategic plans involving any of the three solutions should be prepared well in advance. The specific examples provided might facilitate adaptive management of coastal wetlands in general.
一个基于个体生境与微海拔间隔相关性的生境转换模型，显示了未来海岸生境空间分布的重大变化。该研究在斯洛文尼亚的两个保护区内进行：塞采夫列盐沼自然公园和斯科契扬自然保护区。根据当地或全球（IPCC AR4）海平面上升预测，生境之间将发生转移，但到 2060 年，所有 2000 年自然栖息地预计将减少 42%。针对目标生境类型的长期保护，提出了三种不同的对策。最“自然”的方法是利用缓冲区（1）转移沿海生境。另一种解决方案是建造由当地疏浚材料制成的人工小岛（2）；这在两个保护区都是可行的解决方案。在所需的海拔高度上建造二十二个小岛和一个干涸的盐田区，这些小岛和盐田区适合那些预计面积会减少的生境，将为塞采夫列盐沼增加 10 公顷的额外面积。在两个不同的微海拔高度上建造二十一个小岛和两个半岛，可以确保三种不同生境中的 13 公顷得以生存。在塞采夫列盐沼地区，废弃的盐田可以通过使用永久性的人工海堤实现陆地化，类似于围垦（3）。通过使用这种对策，可以保护另外 32 公顷的目标生境。可以得出结论，对于每个湿地生境将会缩小的沿海地区，都应该提前制定涉及这三种解决方案中的任何一种的战略计划。所提供的具体例子可能有助于一般的沿海湿地的适应性管理。
