Shao Zong-Ti, Feng Xi-Guang, Xiong Meng-Tao, Wu Ming-Shou, Zhang Yun, Yang Meng-Xian, Zuo Ji-Mao, Shen Mei-Fen, Sun Jia-Yu, Zhao Zhi-Ying, Yi Chun-Yuan, Dong Xing-Qi
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Dali 671000, China.
Nanjian Prevention Station of Schistosomiasis, China.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2013 Dec;25(6):614-7, 629.
To understand the types of schisotsome infection sources and their roles in schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous endemic regions in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the evidence for implementing the comprehensive control measures based on infection source control.
Two villages of typical mountainous regions in Nanjian County were chosen for field investigation. The Oncomelania hupensis snail status was surveyed by the methods of systematic and environmental sampling. The infections of schistosomiasis were surveyed in residents with the indirect haemagglutination and the hatching method, in livestock with the hatching method and in wild animals with the anatomical method and the hatching method. The distribution and pollution status of wild faeces were investigated in the snail environments nearby villages or with livestock frequent activities. The positives of schistosomiasis in wild faeces were tested with the hatching method. The pollution index of wild feces was calculated.
A total of 533.56 hm2 were investigated in two villages, and the area with snails was 16.52 hm2. The rate of frame with snails was 1.03%, the average density of snails was 0.07 snails/0.1 m2, and no positive snails were found. The positive rate of blood examinations of population was 1.61%, but no persons were positive with the hatching method. The infection rates were 0.90%, and 0.62% in cattle and equus, respectively, and there were no positives in other livestock. Totally 472 piles of wild feces of 6 species (human, cattle, equus, goat, pig and dog) distributed in the investigation areas, and among them, the densities of wild feces of cattle, equus, and dog were 7.2, 4.3 piles/hm2, and 2.1 piles/hm2 respectively, being relatively higher than others. The hatching positive rates of wild faeces of cattle, equus, and dog were 2.27% (3/132), 2.63% (2/76), and 3.70% (1/27), respectively. The relative pollution indexes of wild faeces of cattle, equus, and dog were 80.68%, 15.89%, and 3.43%, respectively.
After schistosomiasis transmission is controlled, the potential epidemic factors still remain in the mountainous endemic regions of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province. The cattle are still the most infection source of schistosomiasis, but equus and dog as infection sources should be not neglected. We should extend the investigation and monitor scope of the infection sources, and carry out scientific and feasible control technique and management measures.
了解云南省山区血吸虫病流行区感染源类型及其在血吸虫病传播中的作用，为实施以传染源控制为基础的综合防治措施提供依据。
选择南涧县两个典型山区村庄进行现场调查。采用系统抽样和环境抽样方法调查钉螺状况。采用间接血凝试验和孵化法调查居民血吸虫感染情况，采用孵化法调查家畜感染情况，采用解剖法和孵化法调查野生动物感染情况。调查村庄附近或家畜活动频繁区域钉螺环境中野生粪便的分布及污染状况。采用孵化法检测野生粪便血吸虫阳性情况，计算野生粪便污染指数。
两个村庄共调查面积533.56 hm²，有螺面积16.52 hm²。有螺框出现率为1.03%，平均螺密度为0.07只/0.1 m²，未发现阳性钉螺。人群血检阳性率为1.61%，但孵化法未检出阳性者。牛和马的感染率分别为0.90%和0.62%，其他家畜未检出阳性。调查区域共分布6种（人、牛、马、羊、猪、犬）野生粪便472堆，其中牛、马、犬的野生粪便密度分别为7.2、4.3堆/hm²和2.1堆/hm²，相对较高。牛、马、犬野生粪便孵化阳性率分别为2.27%（3/132）、2.63%（2/76）和3.70%（1/27）。牛、马、犬野生粪便相对污染指数分别为80.68%、15.89%和3.43%。
云南省山区血吸虫病流行区在血吸虫病传播得到控制后，仍存在潜在的流行因素。牛仍是最主要的血吸虫感染源，但马和犬作为感染源也不容忽视。应扩大传染源调查和监测范围，实施科学可行的防治技术和管理措施。
