口腔黏膜黑色素瘤：一些病理生物学考量及一例病例报告
Oral mucosal melanoma: some pathobiological considerations and an illustrative report of a case.
作者信息
Tlholoe M M, Khammissa R A G, Bouckaert M, Altini M, Lemmer J, Feller L
机构信息
Department of Maxillofacial Oral Surgery, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa,
出版信息
Head Neck Pathol. 2015 Mar;9(1):127-34. doi: 10.1007/s12105-014-0526-8. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Oral mucosal melanoma is a relatively rare malignancy with an aggressive clinico-pathological behaviour. The mean 5-year survival rate is about 15 %. It arises primarily from melanocytes found in the basal cell layer of the epithelium, but may sometimes arise from melanocytes residing in the lamina propria. The pathogenesis is complex, and few of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of oral mucosal melanoma have been defined. The extraneous risk factors associated with oral mucosal melanoma, if any, are unknown. Oral mucosal melanomas account for about 25 % of all mucosal melanomas of the head and neck, and exhibit a profile of cytogenetic alterations, and a pathobiological behaviour and clinical course different from that of cutaneous melanomas. As they are usually painless and grow quickly, as a rule, they are diagnosed late in the course of the disease when the lesions are already large and have metastasized to regional lymph nodes. In this paper we discuss some aspects of the pathobiology of oral mucosal melanoma, and present an illustrative case report.
口腔黏膜黑色素瘤是一种相对罕见的恶性肿瘤，具有侵袭性的临床病理行为。平均5年生存率约为15%。它主要起源于上皮基底细胞层中的黑素细胞，但有时也可能起源于固有层中的黑素细胞。其发病机制复杂，口腔黏膜黑色素瘤发生发展的分子机制鲜有明确。与口腔黏膜黑色素瘤相关的外部危险因素（若存在）尚不明确。口腔黏膜黑色素瘤约占头颈部所有黏膜黑色素瘤的25%，表现出细胞遗传学改变特征，其病理生物学行为和临床病程与皮肤黑色素瘤不同。由于它们通常无痛且生长迅速，通常在疾病病程晚期，即病变已经很大并已转移至区域淋巴结时才被诊断出来。在本文中，我们讨论了口腔黏膜黑色素瘤病理生物学的一些方面，并呈现了一个病例报告作为例证。
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