Fredes Carolina, Yousef Gad G, Robert Paz, Grace Mary H, Lila Mary Ann, Gómez Miguel, Gebauer Marlene, Montenegro Gloria
Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Oct;94(13):2639-48. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6602. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) is a Chilean species which produces small berries that are collected from the wild. Anthocyanins, because of their health benefits, are the major focus of interest in maqui fruit. For this study, we examined anthocyanin and phenolic content of maqui fruits from individuals that belonged to four geographical areas in Chile, and used DNA marker analysis to examine the genetic variability of maqui populations that had distinctly different fruit anthocyanin content.
Twelve primers generated a total of 145 polymorphic inter simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) bands. ISSR-PCR showed different banding patterns for the individuals evaluated, confirming that maqui populations belonged to different genotypes. Maqui fruit from four different geographical regions during two consecutive growing seasons showed high total anthocyanin (6.6-15.0 g cy-3-glu kg⁻¹ fresh weight (FW)) and phenolic (10.7-20.5 g GAE kg⁻¹ FW) contents and different anthocyanin profiles.
Three maqui genotypes exhibited significantly higher anthocyanin content than the others, as measured by pH differential method and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant genetic diversity was noted within each ecological population. ISSR-PCR analysis provided a fingerprinting approach applicable for differentiation of maqui genotypes.
智利酒果（Aristotelia chilensis）是一种智利本土植物，其果实为小浆果，通常采集自野外。由于花青素对健康有益，因此智利酒果中的花青素成为了主要研究对象。在本研究中，我们检测了来自智利四个地理区域的智利酒果的花青素和酚类物质含量，并使用DNA标记分析来检测果实花青素含量明显不同的智利酒果种群的遗传变异性。
12对引物共产生了145条多态性简单序列重复区间-聚合酶链反应（ISSR-PCR）条带。ISSR-PCR显示，所评估的个体具有不同的条带模式，证实智利酒果种群属于不同的基因型。在两个连续生长季节中，来自四个不同地理区域的智利酒果显示出较高的总花青素含量（6.6-15.0克矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷/千克鲜重（FW））和酚类物质含量（10.7-20.5克没食子酸当量/千克FW），且花青素谱不同。
通过pH差值法和高效液相色谱-质谱法测定，三种智利酒果基因型的花青素含量显著高于其他基因型。在每个生态种群中都发现了显著的遗传多样性。ISSR-PCR分析提供了一种可用于区分智利酒果基因型的指纹图谱方法。
